Unit 1

Question 1

What are animal cell membranes composed of?

Answer 1

Protein and lipid

Question 2

What is diffusion ?

Answer 2

The passive movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to low concentration until evenly spread

Question 3

What is Osmosis?

Answer 3

The passive movement of water mile clues from a region of high water concentration to low water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 4

What is active transport ?

Answer 4

The movement of molecules from a region of low concentration to s higher concentration against s concentration gradient
Requires energy

Question 5

Examples of active transport

Answer 5

Sodium potassium pump in nerve cells

Potassium ions in nitella

Question 6

Example of osmosis

Answer 6

Uptake of water into roots of plants

Question 7

Example of diffusion

Answer 7

Respiration

Question 8

Animal cell in water

HWC?
LWC?
Equal ?

Answer 8

HWC- burst
LWC- shrink
Equal - no change

Question 9

Plant cell in water

HWC?
LWC?
Equal ?

Answer 9

HWC- turgid
LWC- plasmolysed flaccid
Equal- no change

Question 10

Diploid - humans

Answer 10

46

Question 11

Haploid - humans

Answer 11

23

Question 12

How is an organism formed ?

Answer 12

DNA
Gene
Chromosome 
Nucleus
Cell

Question 13

Why do we use Aseptic technique?

Answer 13

To avoid contamination

Question 14

Factors that effect aseptic technique

Answer 14

Temperature
PH
Oxygen levels

Question 15

Name the 4 DNA bases

Answer 15

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

Question 16

In mRNA what replaces thymine ?

Answer 16

Uracil

Question 17

Role of DNA

Answer 17

Genetic information

Question 18

Describe the shape of a DNA molecule

Answer 18

Double stranded helix

Question 19

Functions of proteins

Answer 19

Enzymes
Structure
Hormones
Antibodies
Receptors

Question 20

Examples of enzymes and their pH

Answer 20

Pepsin - pH2

Catalyse - pH9

Question 21

Examples of GM organisms

Answer 21

Tomato- increase yield

Potato- fungal resistance and do increasing yield

Question 22

Photosynthesis equation

Answer 22

Light
Water+CO2—————>glucose+O2
Chlorophyll

Question 23

what are the Two stages of photosynthesis ?

Answer 23

Light dependant

Carbon fixation

Question 24

Photosynthesis diagram

Answer 24

Light energy
⬇️
⬇️ ⬇️
Water Chlorophyll
⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️
Hydrogen O2 Energy
⬇️
⬇️ ↪️ATP–ADP+phosphate↩️
⬇️ ⬇️
⬇️
Hydrogen+ carbon dioxide–>glucose

Question 25

Test for starch

Answer 25

Iodine solution turns from Brown to black /blue

Question 26

Limiting factors for photosynthesis

Answer 26

Light intensity Temperature Concentration of CO2

Question 27

ATP wheel diagram Respiration

Answer 27

CO2+water Energy ⤴️ Glucose+oxygen

Question 28

What are plant cell walls composed of?

Answer 28

Cellulose

Question 29

ATP wheel Energy transfer

Answer 29

ATP Energyenergy ADP+Pi

Question 30

ATP wheel Cellular processes

Answer 30

Relaxed muscles Energy↪️ Contracted muscle

Question 31

Mitosis stage four

Answer 31

Chromatids pulled to north and South poles

Question 32

Mitosis stage five

Answer 32

Nuclear membranes form and cytoplasm splits to form two daughter cells

Question 33

Cell culture step 1

Answer 33

Metal loop heated strongly to sterilise it

Question 34

Cell culture step 2

Answer 34

Sterile loop used to pick up bacteria of a pure colony from an agar plate

Question 35

Cell culture step 3

Answer 35

Bottle lid removed and mouth of bottle sterilised by passing it through flame - bacteria transferred to sterile liquid agar in bottle using loop

Question 36

Cell culture step 4

Answer 36

Bottle mouth sterilised by passing through a flame then lid replaced tightly

Question 37

Cell culture step 5

Answer 37

Loop finally sterilised

Question 38

Genetic engineering step 1

Answer 38

Insulin gene located in chromosome using gene probe

Question 39

Genetic engineering step 2

Answer 39

Insulin gene removed from chromosome using endonuclease enzymes Plasmid removed from bacterial cell and cut open using endonuclease

Question 40

Genetic engineering step 3

Answer 40

Human insulin gene sealed into plasmid using ligase enzyme

Question 41

Genetic engineering step 4

Answer 41

Genetically engineered bacterial cell Hybrid plasmid introduced into bacterial cell Bacteria cultured and human insulin issued and purified

Question 42

Mitosis stage three

Answer 42

Chromosomes line up at the equator

Question 43

Mitosis stage one

Answer 43

Cell with diploid number of four

Question 43

Mitosis stage two

Answer 43

Chromosomes replicate and spindle Appears