Unit 1

Question 1

city-states

Answer 1

cities that had governments (in Italy)

Question 2

Ciompi Revolt

Answer 2

wool traders wanted to be in a guild, revolted, held a guild for 4 years

Question 3

Lorenzo the Mag

Answer 3

ruled Florence, almost totalitarian, “found” Michelanglo

Question 4

Treaty of Lori

Answer 4

alliance between Milan, Maples, and Florence (1494)

Question 5

Ludovico il Moro

Answer 5

ruled Milan, invited French to take over Naples, big mistake

Question 6

Charles VIII

Answer 6

French king that invaded Italy, had a puppet gov in Florence, was ousted by L.M. (had an alliance w/Venice

Question 7

Borgias

Answer 7

corrupt pope (Alex VI), advanced political careers of his children, helped French back into Italy

Question 8

Niccolo Machiavelli

Answer 8

wrote The Prince, ends justify the means

Question 9

Linear perspective

Answer 9

painting technique that allows you to see things as “far away”

Question 10

Giotto

Answer 10

father of Renaissance painting

Question 11

Leonardo da Vinci

Answer 11

Mona Lisa, inventer

Question 12

Raphael

Answer 12

School of Athens

Question 13

Michelangelo

Answer 13

Sistine Chapel, David

Question 14

Humanism

Answer 14

scholarly study of Latin and Greek classics and ancient church fathers

Question 15

Petrarch

Answer 15

father of humanism, Letters to the Ancient Dead

Question 16

Dante

Answer 16

Divine Comedy-about hell

Question 17

Buccaccio

Answer 17

Decameron

Question 18

Platonism

Answer 18

education helps the soul

Question 19

civic humanism

Answer 19

thinking for yourself, public service from education

Question 20

Printing Press

Answer 20

invented by Johann Gutenberg, movable type, helped by a new cheap way to make paper

Question 21

Erasmus

Answer 21

most famous, Catholic priest, education and religious reformer, tutored, “Adages”, didn’t like dogma

Question 22

Dogma

Answer 22

practice over religion

Question 23

Rudolf Agricola

Answer 23

father of German humanism, brought ideas from Italy, Hebrew scholar, vernacular

Question 24

Sir Thomas More

Answer 24

“Utopia”, advisor to Henry VIII, executed, Catholic saint, hated Reformation, Humanist

Question 25

Portugal

Answer 25

most coastline, used to sailing, documented everything

Question 26

Prince Henry

Answer 26

brother to king (Port), explored West Africa, got spices, converted Muslims and pagans to Christianity

Question 27

Bartholomew Dias

Answer 27

went around Africa to Asia instead of waiting for goods

Question 28

Christopher Columbus

Answer 28

wanted to find a diff route to West Indies, not nice to natives, initiated Spanish colonization

Question 29

Hernan Cortes

Answer 29

took over Aztec Empire, mean to natives, made friends w/Aztec enemies

Question 30

Indulgences

Answer 30

paper that takes away time in Purgatory

Question 31

Vernacular

Answer 31

everyday language

Question 32

Martin Luther

Answer 32

ordained minister, wrote 95 theses, mostly about indulgences

Question 33

Diet of Worms

Answer 33

Luther presented ideas to Charles V, made an outlaw

Question 34

Peasants' Revolt

Answer 34

peasants revolt against landlords

Question 35

Ulrich Zwingli

Answer 35

wanted to end clerical celibacy, against indulgences, humanist

Question 36

Anabaptists

Answer 36

ansestors to Amish, rejected infant baptism, believed in adult baptism, became pasifist

Question 37

John Calvin

Answer 37

predestination, French, humanist, lawyer

Question 38

Diet of Augsburg

Answer 38

Protestant and Catholic rep., result-Prot. were told to revert back to Catholics, didn't happen

Question 39

Peace of Augsburg

Answer 39

made the divide in the church permanent, ruler of land chooses religion

Question 40

Henry VIII

Answer 40

never supposed to become king, 6 wives

Question 41

Counter-Reformation

Answer 41

Catholic church's reaction to the Reformation

Question 42

Ursulines

Answer 42

female order

Question 43

Jesuits

Answer 43

founded by Ignatius, made Catholism more favorable

Question 44

Council of Trent

Answer 44

curtailed selling of church offices, stopped selling indulgences, worship in vernacular