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Chemistry S3 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pH range of a base?

A

More than 7.

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2
Q

Which ion is common to all acids?

A

Hydrogen/ H+

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3
Q

Which ion is common to alkalis?

A

Hydroxide/ OH-

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4
Q

State the four ways to speed up a chemical reaction?

A

Add a Catalyst.
Decrease the particle size.
Increase the temperature.
Increase the concentration.

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5
Q

Describe how a salt is formed.

A

When an acid an alkali react a salt and water are formed.

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6
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

A powdery solid formed in a chemical reaction.

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7
Q

When an acid and base react, what name is given to this type of reaction?

A

A neutralisation reaction.

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8
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A substance that can speed up a chemical reaction but can be recovered at the end.

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9
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

When heat energy is given out.

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10
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

When heat energy is taken into a reaction.

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11
Q

What type of ions do metals form?

A

Positive ions.

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12
Q

What are spectator ions?

A

Ions that are not involved in a reaction but can be recognised by appearing on both sides of the equation unchanged.

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13
Q

Describe the separation technique-distillation.

A

Liquids can be separated by boiling points. The mixture is heated and the liquid with the lowest boiling point will turn into a gas. This has then passes along a cool condenser, turns back into a liquid and can then be collected at the end.

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14
Q

What is the charge on an electron?

A

Negative

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15
Q

What is the mass of an electron.

A

0

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16
Q

What is the charge of a proton?

A

Positive

17
Q

What is the mass of a proton?

A

1

18
Q

What is the charge of a neutron?

A

0-neutral.

19
Q

What is the mass of a neutron?

A

1

20
Q

Where in the atom are the electrons found?

A

Moving around the outside of the nucleus.

21
Q

Name the 7 diatomic elements.

A 
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Chlorine
Iodine
Bromine
22
Q

What is the pH range of an acid?

A

Less than 7

23
Q

Give examples of different shapes of molecules.

A

Tetrahedral, pyramidal,bent and linear.

24
Q

What does effervescence mean?

A

Bubbling and fizzing.

25
Q

As particle size decreases what happens to the rate of reaction?

A

The rate increases as the surface area has been increased and there is more space for reactions to occur.

26
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

When two non-metals share electrons.

27
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

When a electrons are transferred between a metal and non metal. The metal forms a positive ion and the non metal forms a negative ion. The opposite charged ions are attracted to each other (electrostatic attraction) and this force of attraction is the ionic bond.

28
Q

What is the formulae to calculate the average rate of reaction?

A

Change in quantity divided by change in time. This is in your data book.

29
Q

What is the centre of the atom called?

A

The nucleus.

30
Q

Name a separation technique to remove a precipitate from a liquid.

A

Filtration.

31
Q

To measure the rate of a reaction what do we measure?

A

The change in volume/concentration etc of either the products or reactants of a chemical reaction with time.

32
Q

What is one Gram Formulae Mass of a substance the same as?

A

It is the same as 1 mole of a substance.

33
Q

Explain what happens to ions during electrolysis.

A

Positive ions would be attracted to the negative electrode. Negative ions will be attracted to the positive electrode.

34
Q

Why can’t Ionic compounds conducts as solids?

A

Their ions are bonded together in a lattice so they are not free to move.

35
Q

What are the products of electrolysis of Sodium Chloride?

A

Sodium and Chlorine

36
Q

Why is a D.C. current used in electrolysis?

A

Because it keeps one electrode positive and the other negative, allowing compounds to be split into their elements.

Chemistry S3 (1 decks)

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