Unit 1

Question 1

Anything that has mass and occupies space

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

Study of universe and origins

Answer 2

Cosmology

Question 3

The property that defines the quantity of matter in an object

Answer 3

Mass

Question 4

The capacity to do work

Answer 4

Energy

Question 5

Study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and of energy consumed or given off when matter undergoes change

Answer 5

Chemistry

Question 6

What are the two principal categories of matter?

Answer 6

Pure substances and mixtures

Question 7

Matter that has a constant composition and cannot be broken down to simpler matter by any physical process

Answer 7

Substance

Question 8

Transformation of a sample of matter (change in physical state) that doesn’t alter chemical identity of substances in sample

Answer 8

Physical process

Question 9

Combination of pure substances in variable proportions in which the individual substances retain their chemical identities and can be separated by physical process

Answer 9

Mixture

Question 10

Components distributed uniformly throughout and have no visible boundaries or regions

Answer 10

Homogeneous mixture

Question 11

Components not distributed uniformly- contains distinct regions of different compositions

Answer 11

Heterogeneous mixture

Question 12

Pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by any chemical process

Answer 12

Element

Question 13

Pure substance composed of 2+ elements bonded together in fixed proportions and that can be broken down into those elements by some chemical process

Answer 13

Compound

Question 14

Transformation of 1+ substances into different substances

Answer 14

Chemical reaction

Question 15

All samples of a particular compound contain the same elements combined in the same proportions

Answer 15

Law of constant composition

Question 16

Smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical characteristics of the element

Answer 16

Atom

Question 17

Matter and its properties are viewed on what level?

Answer 17

Atomic

Question 18

Is an atom an element or compound?

Answer 18

Element

Question 19

Is a molecule an element or compound?

Answer 19

Compound

Question 20

Collection of atoms chemically bonded together in characteristic proportions

Answer 20

Molecule

Question 21

A notation for representing elements and compounds; consists of the symbols of the constituent elements and subscripts identifying the # of atoms of each element in one molecule

Answer 21

Chemical formula

Question 22

What is an example of a chemical formula?

Answer 22

H2O

Question 23

Notation in which chemical formulas express the identities and their coefficients express the quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction

Answer 23

Chemical equation

Question 24

Energy that holds two atoms in a molecule together

Answer 24

Chemical bond

Question 25

Ball and stick models

Answer 25

- Use spheres to represent atoms and sticks to represent chemical bonds - Show correct angles but not size and distance

Question 26

Space filling models

Answer 26

Use spheres to scale next to each other, more accurate but hard to see angles

Question 27

A process for separating particles suspended in a liquid or a gas from that liquid or gas by passing the mixture through a medium that retains the particles

Answer 27

Filtration

Question 28

Separates dissolved pigments/mixtures of compounds

Answer 28

Thin layer chromatography

Question 29

A separation technique in which the more volatile (easily vaporized) components of a mixture are vaporized and then condensed, thereby separating them from the less volatile components

Answer 29

Distillation

Question 30

An approach to acquiring knowledge based on observation of phenomena, development of a testable hypothesis, and additional experiments that test the validity of the hypothesis

Answer 30

Scientific method

Question 31

A tentative and testable explanation for an observation or a series of observations

Answer 31

Hypothesis

Question 32

General explanation of a widely observed phenomenon that has been extensively tested and validated

Answer 32

Scientific theory

Question 33

E = mc^2

Answer 33

Energy, equivalent mass of matter, speed of light

Question 34

Big Bang

Answer 34

All matter in universe approaches same point at same time

Question 35

What is an example of serendipity?

Answer 35

Polytetrafluroetlene leads to finding of Teflon

Question 36

Ability of making fortunate and unexpected discoveries by accident

Answer 36

Serendipity

Question 37

Large chain like molecule built from many small molecules

Answer 37

Polymer

Question 38

Study of matter and its transformations

Answer 38

Chemistry

Question 39

Anything that occupies space and has mass

Answer 39

Matter

Question 40

Substances composed of one type of atom

Answer 40

Elements

Question 41

A property that is independent of the amount of substance present

Answer 41

Intensive property

Question 42

A property that varies with the quantity of the substance present

Answer 42

Extensive property

Question 43

A property of a substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance

Answer 43

Physical property

Question 44

The ratio of the mass of an object to its volume

Answer 44

Density

Question 45

Elements found in nature up combined with other elements

Answer 45

Free elements

Question 46

A property of a substance that can be observed only by reacting it to form another substance

Answer 46

Chemical property

Question 47

Has a definite volume and shape

Answer 47

Solid

Question 48

Has a definite volume but not a definite shape

Answer 48

Liquid

Question 49

Has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape

Answer 49

Gas

Question 50

Matter changes from one state to another when energy is either (blank) or (blank)

Answer 50

Added or removed

Question 51

Does it require more energy to melt a gram of ice at its melting point or to boil a gram of water that has been already heated to its boiling point?

Answer 51

Boil a gram of water that has already been heated to its boiling point

Question 52

Transformation of a solid directly into a vapor

Answer 52

Sublimation

Question 53

Transformation of a vapor (gas) directly into a solid

Answer 53

Deposition

Question 54

The standard unit of length, named after the Greek Merton, which means "measure"

Answer 54

Meter

Question 55

All the certain digits in a measured value plus one estimated digit

Answer 55

Significant figures

Question 56

The extent to which repeated measurements of the same variable agree

Answer 56

Precision

Question 57

Agreement between an experimental value and the true value

Answer 57

Accuracy

Question 58

A fraction in which the numerator is equivalent to the denominator but is expressed in different units, making the value of the faction one

Answer 58

Conversion factor

Question 59

The zero point on the kelvin temperature scale; theoretically the lowest temperature possible

Answer 59

Absolute zero

Question 60

Smallest particle of an element that retains the characteristic chemical properties of that element

Answer 60

Atom

Question 61

Can change near the atomic scale, however, as shown by recent advances in nanotechnology

Answer 61

Physical properties

Question 62

A pure substance composed of two or more elements

Answer 62

Chemical compound

Question 63

Can be observed and measure without changing the composition of a substance

Answer 63

Physical properties

Question 64

Depend on the amount of substance present

Answer 64

Extensive properties

Question 65

Do not depend on the amount present

Answer 65

Intensive properties

Question 66

Identity of the substance is preserved

Answer 66

Physical changes

Question 67

Substance is transformed into one or more substances

Answer 67

Chemical changes

Question 68

Rigid, have fixed volumes and shapes

Answer 68

Solids

Question 69

Definitive volume but no fixed shape

Answer 69

Liquids

Question 70

No fixed volume or shape

Answer 70

Gas

Question 71

Theory especially useful for describing and understanding physical states of matter

Answer 71

Kinetic molecular theory

Question 72

The volume of a given substance decreases with (blank) temperature

Answer 72

Decreasing

Question 73

Method of converting from one system of units to another

Answer 73

Dimensional analysis

Question 74

Measurement has an equal probability of being high or low

Answer 74

Random error

Question 75

Error that occurs in the same direction each time

Answer 75

Systematic error