Unit 1 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are the two changes in chemistry?
Physical and Chemical
Chemical change properties
- substances are used up and others are formed to take their places.
- burning
- chemical reactions
Physical change properties
- identities DO NOT change
- melting
- boiling
- change of state (liquid –> gas)
- dissolving
Does specific gravity have units?
No
What is the formula for specific gravity?
density of object / density of water (1.00)
What is Hypothermia? and what happens to your body?
body temperate drops; the body shivers (muscles contract generating heat [kinetic energy])
What is Hyperthermia? and what happens to your body?
body temperature rises; body sweats
Normal Range of Specific Gravity (SPG) of Urine
- 002-1.035 (British)
1. 010-1.030 (American)
Causes of high SPG values
- dehydration
- diabetes mellitus- glucose levels out of control (too high)
Causes of low SPG values
1) high fluid intake
- may indicate diabetes insipious
- renal failure (kidney disease)
- hypercalcemia - high calcium levels in blood
- hypokalemia - low potassium ion levels
High amounts of protein in urine can effect what?
Readings
What is a volume displacement?
displacement of a fluid expressed in terms of volume as distinguished from displacement expressed in terms of mass.
Percent Error formula
(|accepted value - experimental value|) / accepted value x 100
Exothermic Process
- Produces heat as a product
- Temperature increases T2>T1
- Test tube feels warm
- Heat flows from system to surroundings
- Heat = q or H
-the sign for q or H is negative
System –> Surroundings
System
Test Tube or container where the process takes place at
Surroundings
The area outside of the system
H = ???
Enthalpy
Exogenic Process
heat processing
Endothermic Process
- Uses heat as a reactant
- Temperature decreases
- Test tube feels cool
- Heat flows from surroundings into the system
- Heat = q or H
-the sign for q or H is positive
Surroundings –> System
The Big Four
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Next Seven
Calcium- strengthens bones and teeth
Chlorine- necessary for normal growth and development
Magnesium- helps nerve and and muscle action
Phosphorus- present in phosphate in bone (DNA and RNA) involved in energy storage
Potassium- helps regulate electrical balance in body fluids
Sulfur- essential component of protein
Sodium- helps regulate electrical balance in fluids
Trace Elements
Chromium- increases effectiveness of insulin
Cobalt- part of vitamin B12
Copper- strengthens bones, assists in enzyme activity
Fluorine- reduces dental cavities
Iodine- an essential part of thyroid hormones
Iron- An essential part of proteins
Manganese- bone-forming enzymes; aid in metabolism
Molybdenum- Helps regulate electric balance in body fluids
Zinc- Necessary for the action of certain enzymes
