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Art History 1300 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Foreshortening

A

Representing bodies at angles to the picture plane

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2
Q

Freestanding sculpture or sculpture in the round

A

Exists independent of any architectural frame or setting and that viewers can walk around

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3
Q

Relief sculpture

A

The subjects project from the background but remains part of it

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4
Q

Mural

A

A life size wall painting

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5
Q

Composite view

A

A convention of representation in which part of a figure is shown in profile and another part of the same figure is shown frontally

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6
Q

Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age)

A

A transitional period

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7
Q

Paleolithic (Old Stone Age)

A

ca 40,000-9,000 BCE
Hunting/gathering/nomadic
First sculptures and paintings portray the invention of writing
Humans begin to represent world around them
Women far more common subjects than men but animals dominate art

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8
Q

Neolithic (New Stone Age)

A 
ca 8000-2300 BCE
Began in Anatolia & Mesopotamia
Domesticating animals/agriculture 
Stone architecture and the formation of first settled communities
Large scale sculpture
Narratives
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9
Q

Plasticity

A

The quality of being easily shaped or molded

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10
Q

Post-and-lintel construction

A

Two vertical posts support a horizontal lintel or beam

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11
Q

Ziggurat

A

In ancient Mesopotamian architecture a tiered platform for a temple that is very high; a way to be close to the gods

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12
Q

Cuneiform

A

A system of writing used in ancient Mesopotamia and which wedge-shaped characters were produced by pressing a stylus into a soft clay tablet which was then baked or otherwise allowed to harden

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13
Q

Gilgamesh

A

An epic in which the heroic Gilgamesh, legendary king of Uruk, slays the monster Huwawa

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14
Q

Cella

A

A central hall

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15
Q

Apadana

A

An immense royal audience hall

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16
Q

Pictographs

A

Simplified pictures standing for words

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17
Q

Heraldic composition

A

Symmetrical on either side of a central figure

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18
Q

Arcuated

A

Arch shaped

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19
Q

Darius

A

550-486 BCE
King of Persia
Built a huge palace complex, invaded Greece but defeated

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20
Q

Xexes

A

519-465 BCE
Son of Darius
King of Persia, withdraws after attack

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21
Q

Ka

A

The immortal human life force
Continues to inhabit corpse
Can be represented in an art work

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22
Q

Mastaba

A

A rectangular brick or stone structure with sloping sides erected over an underground burial chamber

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23
Q

Engaged columns

A

Attached to walls

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24
Q

Obelisk

A

Tall monolithic pillars with pyramidal tops (symbols of sun god Re)

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25
Sphinx
Lion with human head | Appropriate image of a king
26
Imhotep
The first artist whose name is recorded that built the first pyramid during the third dynasty for King Djoser
27
Pylons
Massive gateways with sloping walls forming two wings flanking a central doorway Bilaterally symmetrical along a single axis
28
Hypostyle hall
A hall with a roof resting on columns to allow in light through a clerestory
29
Fresco secco
Artist let the plaster dry before painting on it
30
Canon
A rule of proportion | The ancient Greeks considered beauty to be a matter of correct proportion
31
Aton
The sun or solar desk, the deity of a strong monotheistic cult, particularly during the reign of Akhenaten
32
Canonic jars
In ancient Egypt, the container in which the organs of the deceased were placed for later burial with the mummy
33
Anubis
A jackal headed deity | God of the dead and of mummification
34
Labrys
Double ax | Serves as a recurring motive in the Minoan palace and in Minoan art generally referring to sacrificial slaughter
35
Homer
ca 800 BCE | Greek author of the Iliad and the Odyssey
36
The Iliad and the Odyssey
Composed around 750 BCE Written down ca 700 BCE 1st great work of Greek literature An epic poem
37
King Minos
King of Knossos on the island of Crete | Home is Knossos palace
38
Corbel
A projecting wall member used as a support for some element in the superstructure
39
Contrapposto
The disposition of the human figure in which one part is turned in opposition to another part creating a counter positioning of the body about it central axis (weight shift)
40
S-curve
A traditional art concept in ancient Greek and Roman sculpture where the figure's body and posture is depicted like a sinuous or serpentine "S"
41
Delian league
New confederacy Headquarters on the sacred island of Delos "First among equals"; each league member had an equal vote
42
Metope
The square panel between the triglyphs in a Doric frieze often sculpted in relief
43
Triglpyh
A triple projecting, grooved member of a Doric frieze that alternates with metopes
44
Frieze
Any sculptured or painted band
45
Peristyle
In classical architecture, a colonnade (rows of columns) all around the cella and it's porch(es)
46
Caryatid
A female figure that functions as a supporting column
47
Ionic
One of the two systems invented in ancient Greece for articulating the three units of the elevation of a classical building Columns with bases, an uninterrupted frieze
48
Doric
One of the two systems invented in ancient Greece for articulating to three units of the elevation of a classical building Columns without bases, a frieze of triglyphs and metopes
49
Entasis
The convex profile (an apparent swelling) in the shaft of a column
50
Agrippa
63-12 BCE A Roman general and architect Augustus's advisor/son in law
51
Corinthian order
The last develops of the three principal classical orders of ancient Greek and Roman architecture (Greek) future a double row of acanthus leaves w/ tendrils and flowers (Roman) The coherence integration of dimensions and ratios, 6:5, in accordance with the principles of symmetry
52
Acanthus
A conventionalized representation of and then campus leave used especially as a decoration for Corinthian column capitals
53
Hadrian
``` 117-138 CE Roman emperor Hadrian's Wall Rebuilt the Pantheon Bearded ```
54
Vespasian
69-79 BCE Roman general who served under Claudius and Nero Republican values (aging)
55
Titus
Son of Vespasian 79-81 CE Roman emperor Arch of Titus
56
Diocletian
284-305 CE Roman emperor Established the tetrarchy (rule by 4) & adopted the title of Augustus of the West
57
Battle of Milvian Bridge
Took place between Constantine (won and become the sole ruler of the Roman Empire) and Maxentius (drowned) in 312 CE
58
Edict of Milan
A proclamation that permanently established a religious toleration for Christianity within the Roman empire in 313 CE
59
Spolia
YOlder statues and reliefs reused in Late Antique monuments
60
Trajan
Roman emperor 98-117 CE Optimus princeps (best ruler) Extended Roman rule, completed several building projects Arch of Trajan, Column of Trajan, Markets of Trajan
61
Marcus Aurelius
161-180 CE One of the Roman Empire's 1st coemperors Erected a memorial column
62
Barrel vault
An extension of a simple arch creating a semicyndrical ceiling over parallel walls
63
Nave
The central area of an ancient Roman Basilica or of a church, demarcated from aisles by piers or columns
64
Transept
The part of a church with an axis that crosses the nave at a right angle

Art History 1300 (1 decks)

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