Unit 1

Question 1

MRS C GREN

Answer 1

Movement 
Respiration 
Sensitivity 
Cells 
Growth 
Reproduction 
Energy 
Nutrition

Question 2

Cell theory

Answer 2

All organisms are composed of cells
All cells come from preexisting cells
The cell is the smallest living organisational unit

Question 3

Types of microscopes

Answer 3

Light microscope

Electron microscope

Question 4

Common cell features

Answer 4

Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA
Ribosomes

Question 5

Two cell types

Answer 5

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Question 6

2 domains for prokaryotes

Answer 6

Bacteria and archaea

Question 7

Domain for all eukaryotes

Answer 7

Eukarya

Question 8

Kingdoms for eukaryotes

Answer 8

Protista, plantae, fungi, Animalia

Question 9

Ribosomes

Answer 9

Synthesises proteins

Question 10

Nucleus

Answer 10

Contains hereditary information and controls cells actions (membrane-bound)

Question 11

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

Processes and modifies proteins (membrane-bound)

Question 12

Golgi apparatus

Answer 12

Processes and packages proteins (membrane-bound)

Question 13

Lysosomes

Answer 13

Digests cellular waste material and foreign matter (membrane-bound)

Question 14

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 14

Synthesises lipids (membrane-bound)

Question 15

Mitochondrion

Answer 15

Obtains energy from organic compounds, site of cellular respiration (membrane-bound)

Question 16

Chloroplast

Answer 16

Uses light energy, carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose, site of photosynthesis only found in plant cells (membrane-bound)

Question 17

Centriole

Answer 17

Involved in cell division and the formation of cell structure such as flagella and cilia

Question 18

Cilium or flagellum

Answer 18

Motility, Movement of substances across cell surface

Question 19

Vacuole

Answer 19

Stores substances, also involved in cell structure in plant cells (membrane-bound)

Question 20

Plastid

Answer 20

Synthesis and stores various organic molecule (membrane-bound)

Question 21

Cell wall

Answer 21

Cell structure and protection only found in plant cells (membrane-bound)

Question 22

Phospholipids

Answer 22

A molecule that consists of a long-chain fatty-acid tails (hydrophobic = water repelling) and a phosphate head (hydrophilic = water attracting)

Question 23

Cholesterol

Answer 23

Membranes contain fatty molecule between phospholipid heads to give membrane stability without affecting fluidity

Question 24

Membrane carbohydrates

Answer 24

Play a key role in cell recognition

Question 25

Membrane proteins

Answer 25

Determined membranes specific functions | Peripheral, integral and transmembrane proteins

Question 26

Simple diffusion

Answer 26

Substance moves across membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration (passive transport)

Question 27

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 27

Because the memebrane is impermeable to some particles (ions or molecules), Chanel proteins and Carrier proteins allow substances to move from a high to low concentration along the concentration gradient

Question 28

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Answer 28

Requires energy to move substances against the concentration gradient

Question 29

Osmosis

Answer 29

Diffusion of water from high-concentration to low concentration of water across a semi-permeable membrane