UNIT 1 Flashcards
cards for first unit exam (28 cards)
What is the difference between generic and trade drug names?
generic names are more difficult (acetaminophen) vs trade names which are easier to remember (tylenol)
What is pharmacokinetics?
determines how much of an administered dose gets to its sites of action; impact of the body on drugs
What are the four major pharmacokinetic processes?
drug absorption, drug distribution, drug metabolism, drug excretion
Define pharmacodynamics
the impact of dugs on the body; ex: initial step leading to response is the binding of the drug to its receptor
What are the five rights of drug adminstration?
give the RIGHT drug to the RIGHT patient in the RIGHT dose by the RIGHT route at the RIGHT time
What are the basic goals of a preadministration assessment?
- collecting baseline data needed to eval. therapeutic and adverse responses
- identifying high risk patients
- assessing patients capacity for self care
How would you identify a high risk patient?
patient history (allergies, current organ damage), physical exam, lab data
How does the nurse make sure dosage and administration is correct?
indication - pain vs inflammation
route of administration
safety of intravenous agents
verify dosage calculations and read labels carefully
How does a nurse promote therapeutic effects?
drug therapy enhanced by nonpharmacologic measures like breathing exercises for asthma, physical therapy for arthritis, or weight loss/smoking reduction for hypertension
What measures can a nurse take to reduce adverse events wrt drugs?
identifying high-risk patients, ensuring proper administration, teaching patients to avoid activities that might precipitate and adverse event
What do you have to know about the drugs to minimize adverse EFFECTS?
the major adverse effects the drug can produce
when the reactions are likely to occur
what the early signs are of an adverse reaction
interventions that can minimize discomfort and harm
How can a nurse minimize adverse INTERACTIONS
taking a through drug history, advising patient to avoid OTC drugs that can interact w prescribed
monitoring for KNOWN adverse interactions
be alert to as yet unknown
What does PRN mean?
pro re nata, latin phrase meaning as needed
What is a PRN medication?
one which the nurse has discretion regarding when to give a drug and sometimes how much of that drug to give
What should the patient know about the drug name they are taking?
If they are prescribed the brand name, they should know the generic too so they don’t accidentally overdose
What should the patient know abs dosage/schedule of administration?
how much drug to take and when to take it
for PRN, the schedule of admin is not fixed
should know what to do when the dose is skipped
What must patients know about technique of administration?
esp important for routes that may be unfamiliar (ex. sublingual) or difficult (injection)
if they should be taken w fluid/not chewed or crushed etc
What must patients know about duration of drug use?
generally when to stop
acute pain - patients should discontinue use when pain subsides
some might be lifelong or some might be for a specific time interval
What must patients know about therapeutic effects?
like HOW long the drug will take to work in order to recognize if the drug works or not!
What must patients know about minimizing adverse EFFECTS?
ex: diabetics who are taught the warning signs of insulin overdose
cancer patients who avoid sick ppl bc immunosuppression
How can patient ed. reduce adverse INTERACTIONS?
if a drug has reactions with other drugs or food the nurse has to tell them lol
What are the five steps of the nursing process?
assessment, analysis (includes nursing diagnoses), planning, implementation, evaluation
What is assessment in the nursing process?
history, physical exam, observation, and labs that are used to identify actual and potential health problems
What does a nursing diagnosis consist of?
Statement of the patient’s actual or potential health problem
statement of the problem’s probable cause or risk factors
signs, symptoms, or other evidence of the problem
