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Chemistry 11 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is chemistry?

A
  • the study of the properties of matter and the changes which matter undergoes
  • or: describing matter and how it reacts and interacts with other matter
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2
Q

What are the subdivisions of Chemistry?

A
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry
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3
Q

What is analytical chemistry?

A

The aspect of chemistry focusing on the analysis of chemistry, specifically with the development and use of techniques for chemical measurements (Either Quantitative or Qualitative)

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4
Q

What is biochemistry?

A

The study of chemistry with regards to living organisms (incl. chemical reactions and molecules in organisms)

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5
Q

What is organic chemistry?

A

The study of chemistry focused on Carbon Compounds

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6
Q

What is inorganic chemistry?

A

The study of compounds and elements that are not organic (bioinorganic = metal ions related to biochemical processes) (geochemistry = study of chemicals of the earth /rocks and soils)

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7
Q

What is physical chemistry?

A

The study of structure, transformation and physical properties

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8
Q

What are the 4 disciplines of physical chemistry?

A

1) Thermodynamics =conversion of energy into heat and work
2) Quantum Chemistry = Theoretical science describing how molecules bond to one another
3) Chemical Kinetics = Studying the rates of chemical processes (i.e. speed of a reactions)
4) Statistical Thermodynamics = studying the average bulk properties of matter

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9
Q

What are “properties” in chemistry?

A

the description and classification of matter

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10
Q

What are “changes” in matter?

A

reactions and interactions with other matter.

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11
Q

Quantitative

A

How much of a chemical is present

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12
Q

Qualitative

A

What qualities or chemicals are present

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13
Q

Thermodynamics

A

the conversion of energy into heat and work

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14
Q

quantum chemistry

A

theoretical science of describing how molecules bond to one another

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15
Q

How many subdivisions of Physical Chemistry?

A

4

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16
Q

The study of the structure, transformation, and physical properties of matter

A

Physical Chemistry

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17
Q

How many steps are in the scientific method?

A

6

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18
Q

What is the order of steps in the scientific method?

A

1) Ask a question
2) Do background research
3) construct a hypothesis
4) Conduct an experiment
5) analyze the results and draw conclusions
6) Communicate the results

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19
Q

Hypothesis

A

an educated guess about how things work

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20
Q

how must a hypothesis be stated?

A

in a way that can easily be measured; and constructed to answer the original question

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21
Q

Describe how you analyze results and draw conclusions from experiments.

A

collect the measurements and data from the experiment and analyze these to prove if the hypothesis is true or false.

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22
Q

What are models and theories?

A

devices used to more easily understand our observations and enables us to make predictions of the results of experiments. Help us to answer the question “WHY”

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23
Q

model

A

an analogy/comparison to something in the physical world to help you better understand and put into context a theory

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24
Q

Why do models work?

A

when we compare something unfamiliar that we don’t understand to something we are familiar with, it allows us to better understand, put into context, visualize and it sharpens our understanding

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25
What is a theory?
A theory is a well-established scientific model
26
What is the difference between a model and a theory?
A model is a comparison to something existing that allows us to comprehend and understand at a different level. A theory is an approximation and is usually well-established
27
When do you make a prediction?
once you have a good model or theory, you can make a prediction off of the understanding and basis of the model; thus allowing you to create an experiment that can validate your theory
28
What are the base SI units?
there are 7: 1) Mass 2) Length 3) Time 4) Temp 5) Electric Current 6) Amount of substance 7) luminosity intensity
29
Luminosity / luminose intentisty
cd = candela
30
mole / mol
amount of substance
31
mass
kilogram / kg
32
meter / m
length
33
time
second (s)
34
temp
kelvin K
35
Electric Current
Ampere (A)
36
What are derived SI Units?
combinations of more than one base unit
37
area square
meter (m^2)
38
Volume
Cubic meter
39
density
kilogram per cubic meter
40
concentration
kilomole per cubic meter
41
energy
joule (j)
42
pressure
pascal (Pa)
43
What is bigger: Giga or mega
Giga (1,000,000,000)
44
p
pico
45
n
nano
46
K
kilo
47
which is the most accurate: measured quantity or absolute quantity?
absolute quantity
48
how are significant figures used?
to represent how many of the digits in a number are measured and how many are rounded (guessed)
49
How many sig. figs: 13.468
5
50
sig fig: 1567
4
51
What are the five rules of sig figs:
1) all non-zero numbers are significant 2) Zeroes BETWEEN significant digits are significant 3) if there is no decimal point, then trailing zeroes are NOT significant 4) If there is a decimal point, then all trailing zeroes are significant 5) if the number is less than one, then the first significant figure is the first non-zero after the decimal point; including all trailing zeroes after
52
What is the rule for adding or subtracting significant figures?:
The number of decimal points in the answer is the same as the number with the lowest amount of decimals in the equation.
53
What is the rule for multiplying significant figures?
The amount of significant figures in the answer is the same as the number that has the lowest amount of sig figs
54
What do you do with a negative power?
take the inverse - treat the power as a positive, and then divide 1 by the end product of the power
55
What is precision?
when the results are coming in close together or similar
56
What is Accuracy?
being as close to the true number as possible
57
What does WHMIS stand for?
``` Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System ```
58
What are the main components in whmis
- product identification and classification - labeling - material safety data sheets - worker training and education
59
What is the purpose of WHMIS
to ensure that those using hazardous materials have sufficient information to handle the materials safely.
60
Who are the responsibilities placed on with WHMIS?
Supplies, employers and workers
61
What are the responsibilities of suppliers in regards to WHMIS?
- provide appropriate labeling - provide an MSDS - must clearly identify the contents on the label - MSDS is to provide information of the products
62
What are the responsibilities of employers in regards to WHMIS?
- provide whmis training for all employees - proper labeling must be in place - proper MSDS must be available for every product
63
What are the responsibilities of workers in regards to WHMIS?
- required to take the provided whmis training | - be willing and prepared to employer any problems or violations
64
A Supplier WHMIS label must contain:
- product name - whmis labels/symbols - risk phrases - precautionary measures - first aid measures - MSDS reference - supplier name - all information must be in a hatched (- - - -) border
65
What is the difference between supplier WHMIS labels and workplace WHMIS labels?
workplace labels do not require whmis symbols and can be less detailed than supplier labels
66
Risk Phrases for WHMIS
- eye irritant - may cause birth defects - heating may cause explosion - may form flammable dust-air mixture
67
Precautionary Statements for WHMIS
- keep in cool place - use in a well ventilated place - avoid contact with eyes
68
What does a blue background WHMIS symbol mean?
Health Risk
69
What does a red background WHMIS symbol mean?
flammability
70
What does a yellow background WHMIS symbol mean?
instability
71
What does a white background WHMIS symbol mean?
specific hazard
72
What does a triangular WHMIS symbol mean?
the container itself is dangerous
73
What does an octogon WHMIS symbol mean?
the contents are dangerous
74
What does MSDS stand for?
Material Safety Data Sheet
75
What do MSDS include?
- technical info on substance - list of hazardous ingredients - required PPE - instructions in accident prevention while using substance - emergency procedures for event of an accident - chemical hazard data - control measures
76
Kangaroos Hate Dogs - dogs chase mice
Kilo | Hecto | Deco | - | deci | centi | mili |
77
What are unitary rates?
a combination of rates where one is quotes as "per" unit of measure
78
What is the formula for Density?
D = m/v
79
What is the formula for Volume?
v=m/d
80
What is the formula for Mass?
DV = M
81
What is matter?
anything that occupies space and has mass
82
What are the states of matter?
Solid, Liquid, Gas
83
What are the groups of matter?
``` Pure = elements or compounds Mixtures = homogenous mixtures (solutions) or heterogenous mixtures ```
84
Which type of mixture is uniformly blended and can be elements or compounds?
homogeneous
85
What are elements?
substances that cannot be broken down any more and are pure
86
What are compounds
formed from two or more elements that are always in a fixed ratio (H2O)
87
What is the difference between pure and mixtures?
mixtures are variable and can change; pure substances are fixed at what they are
88
What is the difference between homogenous and heterogeneous mixtures?
Homogeneous are the same throughout; heterogeneous are variable and differ throughout a sample
89
What is Air?
a variable heterogeneous mixture
90
What are qualitative observations?
based on the physical observations - not involving numbers - colours, scents, sizes
91
What are quantitative observations?
focus on the quantity of items, measurable with numbers using SI units
92
What are four interdisciplinary subdivisions of chemistry?
Drug Chemistry Petroleum Chemistry Radiochemistry Astrochemistry

Chemistry 11 (5 decks)

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