Unit 1

Question 1

a specific point on earth, distinguished by a particular characteristic.

Answer 1

place

Question 2

an area of earth defined by one or more distinctive characteristics. (ex. North America, Latin America, etc)

Answer 2

region

Question 3

the relationship between the portion of earth being studied and earth as a whole.

Answer 3

scale

Question 4

the physical gap or interval between two objects.

Answer 4

space

Question 5

relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space.

Answer 5

connection

Question 6

science of mapmaking

Answer 6

cartography

Question 7

a system that determines the precise position of something on Earth.

Answer 7

global positioning system (GPS)

Question 8

the identification and storage of a piece of information by its precise latitude and longitude coords.

Answer 8

geotagging

Question 9

the analysis of data about earth acquired through satellite and other electronic information technologies.

Answer 9

geographic information science (GI-science)

Question 10

captures, stores, queries, and displays the geographic data.

Answer 10

geographic information system (GIS)

Question 11

scans of Earth’s surface from satellites transmit images in digital form to a receiving station on Earth’s surface.

Answer 11

remote-sensing

Question 12

the creation and dissemination of geographic data contributed voluntarily and for free by individuals.

Answer 12

volunteered geographic information (VGI)

Question 13

scientific research done by amateur scientists.

Answer 13

citizen science

Question 14

community-based mapping

Answer 14

participatory GIS (PGIS)

Question 15

a map that overlaps data from one source on top of a map provided by a mapping service.

Answer 15

mashup

Question 16

the relationship of a feature’s size on a map to its actual size on Earth. (three kinds: ratio, written, graphic)

Answer 16

map scale

Question 17

the scientific method of transferring locations on Earth’s surface to a flat map.

Answer 17

projection

Question 18

an arc drawn between the north and south poles.

Answer 18

meridian

Question 19

a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians.

Answer 19

parallel

Question 20

the numbering system used to identify a meridian.

Answer 20

longitude

Question 21

a numbering system used to indicate the location of a parallel.

Answer 21

latitude

Question 22

0 degrees longitude (passes through Greenwich)

Answer 22

prime meridian

Question 23

aka Universal Time (UT); the time at prime meridian and is the master reference time for all points on Earth.

Answer 23

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)

Question 24

at 180 degrees longitude, it is the point where you move the clock back 24 hours if heading eastward towards America and vice versa.

Answer 24

international date line

Question 25

the position that something occupies on Earth's surface.

Answer 25

location

Question 26

the name given to a place on Earth (derived from people of prominence, religious affiliation, physical features, or origins of its settlers)

Answer 26

toponym

Question 27

the physical character of a place (includes climate, water sources, topography, soil, vegetation, latitude, elevation, etc)

Answer 27

site

Question 28

the location of a place relative to other places

Answer 28

situation

Question 29

a combination of cultural features such as language and religion, economic features such as agriculture and industry, and physical features such as climate and vegetation.

Answer 29

cultural landscape

Question 30

an area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics. (common language, economic activity, climate, etc). The character may be predominant instead of universal.

Answer 30

formal/uniform region

Question 31

an area organized around a node or focal point.

Answer 31

functional/nodal region

Question 32

an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity.

Answer 32

vernacular/perceptual region

Question 33

occurs within a region if the distribution of one feature is related to the distribution of another feature.

Answer 33

spatial association

Question 34

conducts research, operates factories, and sells products to many countries, not just where its headquarters and principal shareholders are located.

Answer 34

transnational corporation

Question 35

examines how the powerful in a society dominate, or seek to control, less powerful groups, how the dominated groups occupy space, and confrontation that results from domination.

Answer 35

poststructuralist geography

Question 36

a branch of human geography that emphasizes the different ways that individuals form ideas about place and give those places symbolic meanings.

Answer 36

humanistic geography

Question 37

emphasizes the importance of understanding the psychological basis for individual human actions in space.

Answer 37

behavioral geography

Question 38

the increasing gap in economic conditions between regions in the core and periphery that results from the globalization of the economy

Answer 38

uneven development

Question 39

a place from which an innovation originates

Answer 39

hearth

Question 40

the spread of a feature from one place to another

Answer 40

expansion diffusion

Question 41

the spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places.

Answer 41

hierarchical diffusion

Question 42

a rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population

Answer 42

contagious diffusion

Question 43

the spread of an underlying principle even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse

Answer 43

stimulus diffusion

Question 44

a chain of communication that connects places

Answer 44

network

Question 45

the farther away someone is from another, the less likely the two are to interact., contact diminishes with increasing distance and eventually disappears

Answer 45

distance decay

Question 46

the reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place

Answer 46

space-time compression

Question 47

a substance in the environment that is useful to people, economically and technologically feasible to access, and socially acceptable to use.

Answer 47

resource

Question 48

the use of Earth's resources in ways that ensure their availability in the future.

Answer 48

sustainability

Question 49

produced in nature more rapidly than it is consumed by humans.

Answer 49

renewable resource

Question 50

produced in nature more slowly than it is consumed by humans.

Answer 50

nonrenewable resource

Question 51

the sustainable use and management of Earth's natural resources to meet human need such as food, medicine, and recreation

Answer 51

conservation

Question 52

the maintenance of resources in their present condition, with as little human impact as possible.

Answer 52

preservation

Question 53

composed of living organisms

Answer 53

biotic system

Question 54

composed of non-living or inorganic matter

Answer 54

abiotic system

Question 55

a thin layer of gases surrounding Earth

Answer 55

atmosphere

Question 56

all the water on and near Earth's surface

Answer 56

hydrosphere

Question 57

Earth's crust and a portion of upper mantle directly below the crust.

Answer 57

lithosphere

Question 58

all living organisms on Earth, including plants and animals, as well as microorganisms.

Answer 58

biosphere

Question 59

a group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres with which they interact.

Answer 59

ecosystem

Question 60

the scientific study of ecosystems

Answer 60

ecology

Question 61

the geographic study of human-environment relationships

Answer 61

cultural ecology

Question 62

the physical environment caused social development

Answer 62

environmental determinism

Question 63

the physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment.

Answer 63

possibilism

Question 64

a piece of land that is created by draining water from an area.

Answer 64

polder

Question 65

used to show varying levels of variation

Answer 65

topographic maps

Question 66

a map that tells a story or has a underlying meaning (think theme)

Answer 66

thematic maps

Question 67

used to show different weather-related conditions (such as temperature, wind patterns, etc)

Answer 67

weather maps

Question 68

color-coded maps used to show different sets of statistics.

Answer 68

chorpleth map

Question 69

connects data of the same value on maps

Answer 69

isoline maps

Question 70

used to show clusters of data

Answer 70

dot-density maps

Question 71

uses a variation of lines to show direction

Answer 71

flow line map

Question 72

statistics in relation to a map (certain area with more numbers grows in size in comparison to regions that don't have as many numbers that stay the same)

Answer 72

cartogram

Question 73

the body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people

Answer 73

culture

Question 74

a force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope

Answer 74

globalization

Question 75

the process of changes in culture that result from the meeting of two groups, each of which retains distinct cultural features

Answer 75

assimilation

Question 76

the process by which a group's cultural features are altered to resemble those of another more dominant group

Answer 76

acculturation

Question 77

the spread of something over a given area

Answer 77

concentration

Question 78

the geometric or regular arrangement of of something in a particular area

Answer 78

pattern

Question 79

the combining of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature

Answer 79

syncretism

Question 80

the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

Answer 80

crude birth rate (CBR)

Question 81

the total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

Answer 81

crude death rate (CDR)

Question 82

the scientific study of population characteristics

Answer 82

demography

Question 83

a way to measure the number of births in a society

Answer 83

total fertility rate (TFR)

Question 84

a process of change in a society's population from high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and higher total population.

Answer 84

demographic transition

Question 85

major improvements in manufacturing goods and delivering them to market

Answer 85

industrial revolution

Question 86

medical technology invented in europe and north america has diffused to developing countries and enabled more people to experience longer and healthier lives

Answer 86

medical revolution

Question 87

when a country reaches stage 4 of the demographic transition when the CBR declines to the point where it equals the CDR and the NIR reaches zero

Answer 87

zero population growth (ZPG)