unit 1

Question 1

The study of where things are found on the Earth’s surface and the reasons for the locations.

Answer 1

Geography

Question 2

A specific point on Earth, distinguished by a particular characteristic.

Answer 2

Place

Question 3

An area of Earth defined by one or more distinctive characteristics.

Answer 3

Region

Question 4

The relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and the Earth as a whole.

Answer 4

Scale

Question 5

The physical gap or interval between two objects.

Answer 5

Space

Question 6

Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space.

Answer 6

Connection

Question 7

Two-dimensional or flat-scale model of Earth’s surface, or a portion of it.

Answer 7

Map

Question 8

The science of mapmaking.

Answer 8

Cartography

Question 9

System that determines the precise position of something on Earth.

Answer 9

GPS (Global Positioning System)

Question 10

Identification and storage of a piece of information by its precise latitude and longitude coordinates.

Answer 10

Geotagging

Question 11

Analysis of data about Earth acquired through satellite and other electronic information technologies.

Answer 11

Geographic Information Science

Question 12

Captures, stores, queries, and displays the geographic data.

Answer 12

GIS (Geographic Information System)

Question 13

Acquisition of data about Earth’s surface from a satellite orbiting Earth or from other long-distance methods,

Answer 13

Remote Sensing

Question 14

Creation and dissemination of geographic data contributed voluntarily and for free by individuals.

Answer 14

VGI (Volunteered Geographic Information)

Question 15

Scientific research by amateur scientists.

Answer 15

Citizen Science

Question 16

Community-based mapping.

Answer 16

PGIS (Participatory GIS)

Question 17

Map that overlays data from one source on top of a map provided by a mapping service, such as Google Maps or Google Earth.

Answer 17

Mashup

Question 18

Describes the relationship between map and Earth distances in words.

Answer 18

Written

Question 19

Consists of a bar.

Answer 19

Graphic Scale

Question 20

The scientific method of transferring locations on Earth’s surface to a flat map.

Answer 20

Projection

Question 21

An arc drawn between the North and South poles.

Answer 21

Meridian

Question 22

The location of each meridian identified on Earth’s surface according to a numbering system.

Answer 22

Longitude

Question 23

A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians.

Answer 23

Parallel

Question 24

The numbering system to indicate the location of a parallel.

Answer 24

Latitude

Question 25

The meridian that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England, at 0 degrees longitude.

Answer 25

Prime Meridian

Question 26

Time at the prime meridian, and is the master reference time for all points on Earth.

Answer 26

GMT (Greenwich Mean Time)

Question 27

When you cross this, which, for the most part, follows 180 degrees longitude, you move the clock back 24 hours if you are moving towards America.

Answer 27

International Date Line

Question 28

The position that something occupies on Earth's surface.

Answer 28

Location

Question 29

The name given to a place on Earth.

Answer 29

Toponym

Question 30

The physical characteristic of a place.

Answer 30

Site

Question 31

Location of a place relative to other places.

Answer 31

Situation

Question 32

A combination of cultural features such as language and religion, economic features such as agriculture and industry, and physical features such as climate and vegetation.

Answer 32

Cultural Landscape

Question 33

An area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics.

Answer 33

Formal/Uniform Region

Question 34

An area organized around a node or focal point.

Answer 34

Function/Nodal Region

Question 35

An area that people believes exists as part of their cultural identity.

Answer 35

Vernacular/Perceptual Region

Question 36

The body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people.

Answer 36

Culture

Question 37

Occurs within a region if the distribution of one feature is related to the distribution of another feature.

Answer 37

Spatial Association

Question 38

A force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope.

Answer 38

Globalization

Question 39

Conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters and principal shareholders are located.

Answer 39

Transnational Corporation

Question 40

The arrangement of a feature in space.

Answer 40

Distribution

Question 41

The frequency with which something occurs in space.

Answer 41

Density

Question 42

The extent of a feature's spread over space.

Answer 42

Concentration

Question 43

Geometric arrangement of objects in space.

Answer 43

Pattern

Question 44

Process by which a group's cultural features are altered to resemble those of another group.

Answer 44

Assimilation

Question 45

Process of changes in culture that result from the meeting of two groups.

Answer 45

Acculturation

Question 46

Combination of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature.

Answer 46

Syncretism

Question 47

Process by which a feature spreads across space from one place to another over time.

Answer 47

Diffusion

Question 48

A place from which an innovation originates.

Answer 48

Hearth

Question 49

The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another.

Answer 49

Relocation Diffusion

Question 50

The spread of a feature from one place to another in an additive process.

Answer 50

Expansion Diffusion

Question 51

The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority of power to other persons or places.

Answer 51

Hierarchial Diffusion

Question 52

Rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population.

Answer 52

Contagious Diffusion

Question 53

The spread of an underlying principle even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse.

Answer 53

Stimulus Diffusion

Question 54

A chain of communication that connects places.

Answer 54

Network

Question 55

The further away someone is from another, the less likely the two are to interact.

Answer 55

Distance Decay

Question 56

The reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place.

Answer 56

Space-Time Compression

Question 57

Substance in the environment that is useful to people, economically and technologically feasible to access, and socially acceptable to use.

Answer 57

Resource

Question 58

The use of Earth's resources in a way to ensure their availability in the future.

Answer 58

Sustainability

Question 59

Produced in nature more rapidly than it is consumed by humans.

Answer 59

Renewable Resource

Question 60

Produced in nature more slowly than it is consumed by humans.

Answer 60

Nonrenewable Resource

Question 61

The sustainable use and management of Earth's natural resources to meet human needs such as food, medicine and recreation.

Answer 61

Conservation

Question 62

The maintenance of resources in their present condition

Answer 62

Preservation

Question 63

A group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres with which they interact.

Answer 63

Ecosystem

Question 64

The scientific study of ecosystems.

Answer 64

Ecology

Question 65

Pioneering nineteenth-century German geographers Alexander von Humboldt and Carl Ritter believed that the physical environment caused social development, an approach called _______.

Answer 65

Environmental Determinism

Question 66

The physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environments.

Answer 66

Possibilism

Question 67

A piece of land that is created by draining water from an area.

Answer 67

Polder