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Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

place

A

a specific point on Earth, distinguished by particular characteristic

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2
Q

region

A

an area of Earth defined by one or more distinctive characteristics

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3
Q

scale

A

the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole

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4
Q

space

A

refers to the physical gap or interval between two objects

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5
Q

connection

A

refers to a relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space

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6
Q

map

A

two-dimensional or flat-scale model of Earth’s surface or a portion of it

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7
Q

cartography

A

the science of mapmaking

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8
Q

Global Positioning System (GPS)

A

a system that determines the precise positioning of something on Earth

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9
Q

Geographic Information Science (GIScience)

A

analysis of data about Earth acquired through satellite and other electronic information technologies

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10
Q

Geographic Information System (GIS)

A

captures, stores, queries, and displays the geographic data

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11
Q

remote sensing

A

the acquisition of data about Earth’s surface from a satellite orbiting Earth or from other long-distance methods

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12
Q

Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI)

A

the creation and dissemination of geographic data contributed voluntarily and for free by individuals

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13
Q

citizen science

A

scientific research by amateur scientists

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14
Q

Patricipatory GIS (PGIS)

A

community-based mapping

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15
Q

mashup

A

a map that overlays data from one source on top of a map provided by a mapping service

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16
Q

map scale

A

the relationship of a feature’s size on a map to it’s actual size on Earth

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17
Q

projection

A

transferring locations on Earth’s surface to a flat map

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18
Q

meridian

A

arc drawn between the north and south poles

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19
Q

longitude

A

the location of each meridian is identified on Earth’s surface according to a numbering system

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20
Q

parallel

A

a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians

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21
Q

latitude

A

numbering system to indicate the location of a parallel

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22
Q

prime meridian

A

the meridian that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwhich, England, is 0 degrees longitude

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23
Q

Greenwhich Mean Time (GTI)

A

the time at the prime meridian, is the master reference to time for all points on Earth

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24
Q

International Date Line

A

follows 180 degrees latitude, you move the clock back 24 hours

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25
location
the position that something occupies on Earth's surface
26
toponym
the name given to a place on Earth
27
site
the physical character of a place
28
situation
the location of a place relative to other places
29
cultural landscape
a combination of cultural features such as language and religion
30
formal region/unified region
an area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics
31
functional region/nodal region
an area organized around a node or focal point
32
vernacular region/perceptional region
an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity
33
culture
the body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people
34
spacial association
occurs within a region if the distribution of one feature is related to the distribution of another feature
35
globalization
a force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope
36
transnational corporation
conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters and principal shareholders are located
37
distribution
the arrangement of a feature in space
38
concentration
the extent of a feature's spread over space
39
pattern
the geometric arrangement of objects in space
40
poststructuralist geography
examines how the powerful in a society dominate, or seek to control, less powerful groups, how the dominated groups occupy space, and confrontation that result from the domination
41
humanistic geography
a branch of human geography that emphasizes the different ways that individuals form ideas about place and give those places symbolic meanings
42
behavioral geography
emphasizes the importance of understanding the psychological basis for individual human actions in space
43
uneven development
the increasing gap in economic conditions between regions in the core and periphery that results from the globalization of the economy
44
diffusion
the process by which a feature spreads across space from one place to another over time
45
hearth
a place from which an innovation originates
46
relocation diffusion
the spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another
47
expansion diffusion
the spread of a feature from one place to another in an additive process
48
hierarchical diffusion
the spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places
49
contagious diffusion
the rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population
50
stimulus diffusion
the spread of an underlying principle even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse
51
network
a chain of communication that connects places
52
distance decay
the farther away someone is from another, the less likely the two are to interact. contact diminishes with increasing distance and eventually disappears
53
space-time compression
used to describe the reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place
54
resource
a substance in the environment that is useful to people
55
sustainability
the use of Earth's resource in ways that ensure their availability in the future
56
renewable resource
is produced in nature more rapidly than it is consumed by humans
57
nonrenewable resource
is produced in nature more slowly then it is consumed by humans
58
conservation
the sustainable use and management of Earth's natural resources to meet human needs such as food, medicine and recreation
59
preservation
the maintenance of resources in their present condition, with as little human contact as possible
60
biotic
composed of living organisms
61
abiotic
composed of non-living or organic matter
62
atmosphere
a thin layer of gases surrounding Earth
63
hydrosphere
all of the water on and near Earth's surface
64
lithosphere
Earth's crust and a portion of upper mantle directly below the crust
65
biosphere
all living organisms on Earth, including plants, and animals as well as microorganisms
66
climate
the long-term average weather condition at a particular location
67
ecosystem
a group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres with which they interact
68
ecology
the scientific study of ecosystems
69
environmental determinism
the physical environment caused social development
70
possibilism
the physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment
71
polder
a piece of land that is created by draining water from an area
72
geotagging
identification and storage of a piece of information by its precise latitude and longitude coordinates
73
assimilation
the process by which a group's cultural features are altered to resemble those of another group
74
acculturation
the process of changes in culture that result from the meeting of two groups
75
syncretism
the combination of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature

AP Hug (2 decks)

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