Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

nat 5 chem > unit 1 > Flashcards

unit 1 Flashcards

(62 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Factors affecting rate of reaction

A

PARTICLE SIZE- increase in particle size=decrease in rate
CONCENTRATION- increase=more present particles=more likely collisions
TEMPERATURE- increase=particles more energy, move faster, more likely collisions
CATALYST USE- speed up reactions without being used up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Av Rate of Reaction Calculation

A

Δreactant/product ÷ Δtime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Periodic Groups

A

1=ALKALI METALS- very reactive metals
0=NOBLE GASES- unreactive
7=HALOGENS- very reactive non-metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nuclide Notation

A

MASS NO.- protons+neutrons

ATOMIC NO. - protons (also no. of electrons-atoms r neutral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

similar chemical properties

A

elements in same group have similar them properties as have same no. of outer electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms which have SAME ATOMIC NO. but DIFFERENT MASS NO.

no. of NEUTRONS differs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Relative Atomic Mass

A

R.A.M of element = av mass element -Takes into account MASS of each isotope &PROPORTION of each isotope

R.A.M value- CLOSEST to MASS of most ABUNDANT isotope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ions

A

ion is a charged particle formed by loss/gain of electrons

electron loss/gain diagram [ ]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the charge of ions depending on the group

A

Group 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Charge + + 2 + 3 / 3- 2- - /

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ion-electron Equation (formation of ion)

A

S+ + 2e- → S2-

element - how much loss/ gain e - produces - Ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Flame Testing

A

Flame test is analytical procedure used to detect presence of certain elements, primarily metal ions, based on color produced during test

many metal ions burn w coloured flames

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How to test for element

A
  • flame testing
  • does element conduct
  • what temp it melts/boils at
  • H burns w squeaky pop, CO2 turns lime water cloudy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bonding

A
  1. tranferring electrons - FORM IONS

2. share electrons - COVALENT BONDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ionic bonding

A

IONIC BONDS R ELECTROSTATIC FORCE OF ATTRACTION BETWEEN + AND - IONS

  • metal bonds to nonmetal atom
  • metal becomes +charge, nonmetal becomes -charge
  • as 2 particles oppositely charged become attracted, form ionic bond

Ionic bonding diagram [ ]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the structure of Ionic Crystal Lattices [Ionic Compounds]

A

Ionic compounds form lattice structures of oppositely charged ions w each +ion surrounded by -ions, vice versa

ionic bonds r so strong- ions r fixed together unable to move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Formula of ionic Compound

A

tells Ratio of ions in lattice, not actual no. of ions present:

            Ca  :    F ratio:          1   :   2

formula: CaF₂

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Covalent bonding

A

FORCES OF ATTRACTION MADE BY NONMETAL ATOMS SHARING OUTER ELECTRONS. molecule is group atoms held together by covalent bonds.

Bonding(e sharing) diagram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What holds atoms together?

A

NUCLEI of atoms have MUTUAL ATTRACTIONS FOR SHARED PAIR OF ELECTRONS.

this holds atoms together in covalent bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are Diatomic elements and name them

A

diatomic molecule only has 2 atoms

H2, N2, I2, Br2, F2, O2, Cl2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Shapes of Molecules

A
  1. LINEAR
  2. ANGULAR
  3. TRIGONAL PYRAMIDAL
  4. TETRAHEDRAL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Covalent Network Structures

A

billions atoms in one crystal joined together as one giant molecule- network structure e.g. carbon in form of graphite/diamond, silica(sand)

covalent substances can either form discrete(small molecule) molecular subs/giant network structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Metallic Bonding

A

Metallic bonding is ELECTROSTATIC FORCE OF ATTRACTION BETWEEN POSITIVELY CHARGED IONS AND DELOCALISED ELECTRONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how are Metallic Structures made

A

consists of one giant lattice of +charged ions in sea of delocalised outer electrons.- free to move.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Melting and Boiling Point of Covalent Molecular Structures

A

To move molecules apart forces of attraction between molecules must be broken

C.M.S. FORCES R WEAK- tend to have LOW MELTING & BOILING POINTS

as result most r GASES/LIQUIDS at room temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Melting and Boiling Points of Covalent Network Structures
MELTING involves BREAKING STRONG COVALENT BONDS within networks REQUIRES LOT OF ENERGY- MELTING & BOILING POINTS R HIGH
26
Melting and Boiling Points of Ionic Substances
MELTING involves BREAKING STRONG IONIC BONDS between ions in lattice REQUIRES LOT OF ENERGY- HIGH MELTING & BOILING POINTS
27
Solubility of ionic substances in water and do covalent substances dissolve in water
WATER GOOD for many IONIC SUBS. [ LATTICE BREAKS UP COMPLETELY TO LEAVE MANY FREE IONS IN SOLUTION ] MOST COVALENT SUBS DONT DISOLVE IN WATER BUT CAN IN OTHER SOLVENTS
28
Conductivity in Elements | might need diagram
- METAL elements CONDUCT | - NONMETAL DONT- exception is CARBON in form GRAPHITE
29
Conductivity in Compounds | might need diagram
- COVALENT SUBS DONT CONDUCT in any state | - IONIC SUBS CANT CONDUCT SOLID, CAN IN SOLUTION/MOLTEN
30
Electricity
a flow of charged particles
31
Conductivity in Metallic Bonding
all metals can conduct as delocalised electrons are free to move
32
Conductivity in Covalent Bonding
Covalent subs don't conduction any state as there's no charged particles free to move
33
Conductivity in Ionic Bonding
solid- don't conduct as ions held tight in lattice and aren't free to move dissolved in water/molten- ionic lattice breaks up completely and ions free to move
34
electrolysis
an ionic solution or melt which conducts electricity-called an ELECTROLYTE Process of passing current through electrolyte- ELECTROLYSIS ELECTROLYSIS= splitting compound into constituent elements. D.C. power supply used to identify products
35
what happens during Electrolysis | might need diagram
During electrolysis: +METAL IONS attracted to -ELECTRODE where they GAIN electrons -NONMETAL IONS attracted to +ELECTRODE where they LOSE electrons
36
Formula for Compounds
ide- contain 2 elements | ite/ate- oxygen is present
37
Valency
Combining power of element is no. of single bonds it can make Group 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 valency 1 2 3 4 3 2 1 0
38
formula mass calculations
m n gfm
39
calculations based equations
in question mentions 2 subs needs balanced equation use molar ratio m n gfm & n c v
40
n=cv units
c=mol/l or mol l-1 v= litres (remember to CONVERT if in CM3) n=moles
41
What is a Solution
SOLUTION when SOLUTE(SOLID) dissolves in SOLVENT(LIQUID)
42
Standard Solutions
A SOLUTION whose CONCENTRATION is ACCURATELY KNOWN | cld have to do molar ratio qs
43
How to Make Standard Solution
- CORRECT MASS OF SUBSTANCE ACCURATELY MEASURED (beaker/weighing boat) - ALL SUCCESSFULY TRANSFERRED TO VOLUMETRIC FLASK - TAKE A RINSING of whatever was used to measure substance - KEEP ADDING WATER TO FLASK TILL BOTTOM OF MENISCUS TOUCHES THE MARK
44
What is pH scale indication of
the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
45
why is water neutral
-DISASSOCIATES into equal concentration of H+and OH- ions -REVERSIBLE REACTION only small amount disassociate
46
``` Acid solution formula of: Hydrochloric acid nitric acid Sulphuric acid Ethnoic acid ```
HCL HNO3 H2SO4 CH3COOH
47
``` Alkali solution formula of: Sodium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide Ammonia ```
NaOH KOH Ca(OH)2 NH3
48
What happens to acid/alkali when diluted
pH no. moves toward 7
49
how to make Alkali solution
METAL OXIDES & HYDROXIDES DISSOLVED IN WATER = ALKALINE SOLUTION Ammonia gas dissolved in water= alkali
50
how to make an acid
NON METAL OXIDES DISSOLVED IN WATER= ACIDIC SOLUTION
51
what affect do insoluble substances have on pH of water
insoluble subs do not affect pH of water
52
What is a Base
BASE= substance which NEUTRALISES ACID BASES= METAL OXIDES, METAL HYDROXIDES, METAL CARBONATES Alkalis r bases that dissolve in water(soluble bases)
53
What is Neutralisation
- REACTION of ACID W ALKALI - Produces SALT & WATER - When base is METAL CARBONATE CO2 formed too
54
What are Volumetric Titrations
Technique that allows EXACT ACID VOLUME NEEDED to NEUTRALISE ALKALI to be CALCULATED
55
How to do Titration
- burette filled w acid up to 0 mark - u know ACID CONC but not of ALKALI - KNOWN V of ALKALI put in conical flask-contains INDICATOR - acid carefully let into flask - when ALKALI NEUTRALISED, indictor changes colour, stop acid flow= ENDPOINT
56
For how long is Titration Repeated Till
till 2 CONCORDANT(lie within .2cm3) RESULTS OBTAINED
57
How do you do a volumetric titration calculation
- Rough titration ignored - calc av of concordant results (Volume) - do molar ratio equation calc using n,c,v
58
What is a precipitation reaction
when 2 SOLUTIONS REACT TO FORM A SOLID (called PRECIPITATE) SOLID CAN BE COLLECTED BY FILTRATION
59
How can a Precipitation Reaction be Easily Identified
by the formation of a Solid product from Aqueous Reactants
60
How do you do Ionic Equations | Precipitation reactions-making insoluble salts
1. write out BALANCED EQUATION W STATE SYMBOLS 2. SPLIT ionic compounds writing in individual CHARGES & any small no.'s outside brackets make them big in front. Remove state symbols 3. in same line SCORE OUT SPECTATOR IONS 4. write out what's left of ionic equation
61
What are Spectator Ions
ions which remain UNCHANGED by reaction as they DONT TAKE PART in REACTION
62
Drawing Line Graph tips | important
- unlike in biology always FREEHAND graphs - line/curve is for GENERAL TREND - LINE DOESNT NEED TO PASS EVERY POINT; outlier/error - for curved line freehand, doesn't need to pass each point - for straight line use ruler, doest need to pass each point

nat 5 chem (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions