Unit 1 Flashcards
(94 cards)
1
Q
Dose of Acetaminophen
A
10-15mg/kg q4-6hr max 5 doses/24hr
2
Q
Dose of Ibuprofen
A
5-10mg/kg q 6-8hr max 40mg/kg/day
3
Q
Amoxicillian first line in
A
CAP
OM
acute bacterial rhinosinusistis in kids
4
Q
Amoxicillian contraindicated in
A
mono d/t rash for EBV
5
Q
Dose of Amox
A
90mg/kg/day divided BID x10days
Max 1000mg/dose
Max 2000mg/day
if 2-6 = 7 days
>6= 5 days
Adult dose= 500-875mg PO q12
6
Q
Augmentin 1st line
A
severe bacterial rhinosinusitis
ABS in adults
treat mild infection in chronic dacrosystitis
7
Q
PCN used for
A
acute bacterial pharyngitis
GABHS
8
Q
Cephalosporins
A
1st gen: cefazolin, cephalexin 2nd gen: cefuroxime, cefprozil 3rd gen: cefotaxmine, ceftriaxone, cefpodoxime, and cefdinir 4th gen: cefepime 5th gen: cefraroline
9
Q
Cephalexin uses
A
for acute bacterial pharyngitis is PCN allergy
10
Q
Cefuroxime, cefpodoxime, cefdinir, and cefixime uses
A
acute bacterial rhinosinusitis and acute otitis media if PCN allergy
11
Q
Doxycycline
A
is a TETRACYCLINE
used in ABRS is PCN allergy or hepatic impairment
12
Q
clindamycin
A
is a LINCOSAMIDE
treat: ABRS if PCN allergy
ABP with persistent GABHS or PCN allergy
AOM if sever PCN allergy
can be used for AOM if Amox not working
13
Q
Azithromycin
A
is a MACROLIDE
GI s/e
Treat: ABP if PCN allergy
AOM is PCN allergy
Bacterial conjunctivitis caused by chlamydia
14
Q
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxalate (Bactrim)
A
Can be used in AOM if PCN allergy
15
Q
Fluoroquinolone drops
A
otic drops if TM perforated in AOM
first line for AOM with PE tubes and otorrhea but no systemic symptoms
16
Q
Ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone (Ciprodex)
A
1st line for otitis externa
SAFE in TM perforation
17
Q
Neomycin/polymyxin/hydrocortisone (Cortisporin otic)
A
Drops for OE
more affordable than ciprodex
CANNOT be used if TM perforated
18
Q
Polysporin
A
for epistaxis
19
Q
Topical nasal decongestant
A
phenylephrine
oxymetazole
can only use for 3 days
May be helpful in ABRS
20
Q
Antihistamines
A
Cetirizine
Loratadine
Benadryl
Can’t give to children <4
21
Q
Intranasal corticosteriods
A
ABRS in adults and children with allergic rhinitis
22
Q
Mast cell stabilizers
A
Cromolyn allergic rhinitis
Cromolyn sodium- eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis
23
Q
Montelukast
A
allergic rhinitis
needs 3-7 days to start working
24
Q
Iprtroprium spray
A
is an ANTICHOLINERGIC
vasomotor rhinitis
25
H1 recepter antagonist
Levocastabine are eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis
26
Olopatadine
Combo drops of mast cell +h1
| used for allergic conjunctivitis
27
Broad spectrum empiric abx and uses
erythromycin, polymyxin-trimethoprim, sulfacetamide, athizomycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, olofloxacin
used for bacterial conjunctivitis, corneal abrasion, blepharitis, and chalazion
polysporin for hordeolum (stye)
28
cycloplegic drops
atropine
to relieve pain from ciliray muscle spasms
29
Sensorineural hearing loss
deterioration of the cochlea- loss of hair cells from the organ of Corti
NOT CORRECTABLE and is SUDDEN
Use corticosteroids (Prednisone)
30
Weber test and conductive vs sensorineual
Conductive= sound is louder on the poor-hearing ear
Sensorineural= sound radiates to better side
31
Rinne test and conductive vs sensorineural
Conductive= loss>25 dB bone conduction exceeds air
32
Foreign body in ear
DO NOT IRRIGATE with water=swelling
use lidocaine
33
Pt at risk for external otitis
DM and immunocompromised=osteomyelitis complications
34
External otitis pathogens
Pseudomonas proteus
Aspergillus
35
Tx for external otitis
acidify with 50/50 alcohol and vinegar
if infection: aminoglycoside: neomyxin/polymyxin B in TM intact
Quinolone: Ciprofloxacin (Fluoroquinolone) it TM perforated or cellulitis
36
Most common cause of eustachian tube dysfunction
viraul URI or allergy
transient, last days to week after viral illness
Can have retracted TM with decreased mobility
37
Tx for ET dysfunction
Systemic and intranasal decongestants: pseudoephedrine PO or oxymetazoline spray
Autoinflation if no infection
Intranasal corticosteroid: beclomethasone dipropionate
38
Serous otitis media causes
prolonged blockage of ET
negative pressure in transudation of fluid
Will have conductive hearing loss
39
Tx for serous otitis media
Amoxicillin PO or topical fluoroquinolone drops
ventilating tubes
40
Barotrauma tx
oral decongestants: pseudoephedrine several hours before take arrival time
topical decongestant: 1% phenylephrine 1 hr before arrival
41
acute otitis media pathogens
strep pneumoniae
h. influenza
strep pyrogens
42
AOM tx
Amoxicillican, erythromycin (MACROLIDE)
sulfonamide for 10days
for resistant s. pneumo= cefaclor or augmentin
43
Chronic otitis media pathogens
p. aeruginose
proeus species
staph aureus
44
Chronic otitis media tx
will have purulent aural discharge and conductive loss
Quinolones: Ofloxacin
Fluoroquinolones: Ciprofloxacin
Pseudomonas: PO CIprofloxain
45
Mastoiditis tx
IV cefazolin
culture and drain
46
Acute viral rhinosinusitis tx
NO ABX
oral decongestants: Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
47
Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis pathogens
s. pneumon
h. influe
m. catarrhalis
s. aureus
48
Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis tx
Acute onset 1-4 weeks duration
if persistant >10days or worsening will give abx
Augmentin 500mgTID 5-7 days
Doxycycline (tetracycline) or clindamycin (lincomycin) ir PCN allergy
Can do cefixime, or cefpodoxime
49
Nasal vestibulitis
S. aureus
Give Dicloxacillin, mupirocin ointment
Add Rifampin if recurrent
50
Allergic rhinitis tx
intranasal corticosteroid (delay onset): Beclomethasone, Flunisolide, Mometasone Furoate, Budesonide, Fluticasone
```
Antihistamine (immediate onset):
Nonsedating: Loratadine, Desloratadine, Fexofenadine, Cetirizine
H1 antagonist: Azelastine
Antileukotriene: Montelukast
Mast cell stabilizer: Cromolyn
Anticholinergics: Ipratroprium bromide
```
51
Leukoplakia
White lesion that can not be removed by running
From tobacco, dentures, lichen planus
t: Acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir
52
Erythroplakia
White lesion that has erythemour component
dysplasia or carcinoma
53
Oral candidasis
| tx
Fluconazole (antifungal- AZOLE)
Ketoconazole (AZOLE)
Nystatin (antifungal- POYENES)
HIV infected=resistant to azoles
54
Necrotizing ulcerative gingivits
stress caused
tx: peroxide half strength and PO PCN
55
Aphthous ulcers
canker sores
Tx: topical corticosteroids
heals in 10-14 days
56
herpes stomatitis tx
acyclovir (antiviral)
57
Pharyngitis and tonsillitis pathogen and findings
group a streptococus
fever >38, anterior cervical adenopathy, lack of cough, exudate
58
Pharyngitis and tonsillitis tx
PO PCN V Potassium (BETA-LACTAM)
Cefuozime Axetil (Cephalo)
Erythromycin if PCN allergy (MACROLIDE)
Azithro (MACRO)
59
Rheumatic fever pt tx
Continuous course of PCN G or erythro for 5 years
60
Peritonsillary abscess or cellulitis tx
Amoxicillin (BETA-LACTAM)
Augmentin
Clinda (LINCOMYCIN)
61
Ludwig Angina
Pathogens: strept, staph, bacteroids, fusobacter, klebsiella
Tx: PCN and Metronidazole, ampicillin, clinda, cephalosporins
62
Sialadenitis
Infection of parotid or submandibular salivary gland
S. aureus
Naficilin (BETA-LACTAM)
63
Acute laryngitis tx
use voice less
erythromycin (MACROLIDE)
PO or IM corticosteroids
64
Epiglottitis tx
Common in DM
IV ceftizoxime, cefuroxime, dexamethasone
65
Entrapment of orbital contents stimulates
bradycardia and emesis
66
blephakeratoconjunctivitis/ blepharitis tx
erythro ointment, azithro drops
67
4 viruses in pharyngitis
hand, foot, and mouth
herpangia
pharyngoconjunctival fever
mono
68
complication of pharyngitis
retropharyngeal abscess
| pharyngitis/tonsillitis cellulitis
69
Dacrocystitis pathogen
S Aureus
Strept pneumo
haemophileus
70
Dacrocystitis tx
Augmentin
if persists >8months or inflammation REFER!!
71
Ophthalmia neonatorum causes
| and tx
gonococcal
staph
penumococcal
CHLAMYDIAL MOST COMMON
tx: erythro of azithro PO for chlamydia
Gonorrhea: erythro or ceftriaxone IM**
72
Bacterial conjunctivitis pathogens
S pneuom
M catarrah
S aureus
haemophilus
73
Viral conjunctivitis causes
adenovirus! WILL HAVE ENLARGED PREAURICULARLYMPH NODES
74
2 things you will see with allergic conjunctivitis
allergic rhinitis and asthma
75
Allergic conjunctivitis tx
antihistamines
| mast cell stabilizer
76
Leukocoria seen in
retinoblastoma
77
Fever pathogens in infant less than 1 mo
Group B strep
| E. coli
78
Fever pathogens in infants 1-3 mo
Slept pneumo
H influence
N meningitis is
79
Fever without source of infection 2 pathogens
H influence
| Slept pneumo
80
See pt immediately
```
<3 with fever >38
Fever >40.6
Inconsolable
Cry when touched
Difficult to arouse
Stiff neck
Purple spots
Work of breathing
Drooling
Convulsion
Sick cell disease
Splenectomy
HIV
Chemo
Organ transplant
Chronic steroids
Very sick
```
81
See OT within 24 hr
```
Child 3-6mo unless fever after 48hr of trap
Fever >40 under 3
Dysuria
Fever for 24h without source
Fever done then returns in >24
Fever persistent for >72
```
82
Vision screening for 6weeks, 3 months, 6 months
Eye to eye, slow movements
Fixed and following at distant of 2-3ft
Movement across the room, maintain weekend one eye covered
83
Visual acuity develops normal at quarry age
3-5
84
Amblyopia causes 3
Strabismus
Refractive errors
Visual deprivation
85
Suspect ______ with acquired and unilateral or asymmetric nystagmus
Neurological disease
86
Allergic conjunctivitis
BILaTERaL
Sneezing and nasal congestion
White and stringy
87
See what in viral conjunctivitis and not bacterial
Enlarged preauricular lymph nodes
88
Cause in viral conjunctivitis
Adenovirus
89
Preorbital cellulitis pathogens
Staphylococcus aureus
| S pyohenss
90
Can give auralgan only when
TN is intact for pain
91
Treat child with PT and otorrhea but no systemic symptoms (pain, fever)
Fluoroquinolones otic ( cipro)
92
OME th
Observe for 3 months prior to considering PT
Return at 4-week intervals
Followed 3-6 till clears
93
Indications for PT
```
Hearing loss >40
Tm retraction pockets
Ossicular erosion
Adhesive atelextasis
Cholesteaoma
```
In children older than 4-adenoidectomy
94
With ET dysfunction, TM will be
Retracted and decreased mobility
