unit 1

Question 1

Genetic Diversity

Answer 1

Number and frequency of alleles in a population ( genetic variation)

Question 2

Species Diversity

Answer 2

number of different species( species richness) and proportion of each species( relative abundance)

Question 3

ecosystem diversity

Answer 3

number of distinct ecosystems in an area

Question 4

qualitative data

Answer 4

accesses presence or absence of species and may provide a species list

Question 5

quantitative data

Answer 5

provides data about numbers and densities of populations

Question 6

density

Answer 6

the number of organisms per unit area

Question 7

relative abundance

Answer 7

the abundance of an organism of a particular species in an area relative to the total number of organisms in an area

Question 8

percentage cover

Answer 8

the percentage of an area of ground covered by plants

Question 9

frequency

Answer 9

the proportion of quadrants each species of plants occurs in

Question 10

Distribution

Answer 10

the area of a habitat where a species occurs

Question 11

Simpsons biodiversity index

Answer 11

a measure of biodiversity which considers the total number of species as well as the relative abundance of each individual species

Question 12

Trent Biotic Index

Answer 12

a measure of the level of pollution in a stream based on the presence or absence of certain indicator species

Question 13

Lincoln Index

Answer 13

a method of estimating population size by capturing, marking and then recapturing animals

Question 14

Transept

Answer 14

a line or line of ropes stretched across part of a habitat ; the number of organisms of each species can be observed and recorded at regular intervals

Question 15

Belt transect

Answer 15

consists of 2 parallel lines with the organisms found at specific points between the 2 lines being recorded

Question 16

Quadrat

Answer 16

a square frame used to sample plants or slow moving animals, can be used to assess density, percentage cover, frequency or relative abundance

Question 17

capture-mark-recapture

Answer 17

animals are captured, marked, tagged then released to estimate a population size

Question 18

invasive sampling

Answer 18

animals are handled by scientists , may cause stress , alter behaviour or harm the animals in some way

Question 19

non-invasive sampling

Answer 19

monitoring footprints to minimise adverse effects, often involved analysing DNA from such as faeces and hair

Question 20

bath detectors

Answer 20

detects the echolocation calls for different species of bat

Question 21

electro-fishing

Answer 21

uses electricity to stun fish before they are caught, no permanent harm to fish

Question 22

relatability

Answer 22

number of samples should be taken, to prevent bias and ken improve reliability of results

Question 23

simple sampling

Answer 23

organisms sampled randomly
Advantage- Straightforward
disadvantage- unrepresentative if large areas are not included

Question 24

systematic sampling

Answer 24

organisms sampled at regular intervals advantage- more representative than simple sampling
disadvantage- more biases as individuals do not have equal chance of being selected

Question 25

stratified sampling

Answer 25

population divided into groups and sample taken from each group advantage- covers all habitat within an area equally disadvantage- proportions of each habitat within an area must be known

Question 26

interquartile range

Answer 26

a measure of the spread of data. data arranged in ascending order and then split equally into quarters

Question 27

lincoln index

Answer 27

a method of estimating population sizes of individual animal species using capture-mark-recapture

Question 28

carnivore

Answer 28

an animals that obtains its energy by consuming other animals

Question 29

Frequency

Answer 29

chance of finding a species within a defined area , the number of samples in which a particular species occurs

Question 30

bacteria or fungus

Answer 30

an example of a decomposed

Question 31

habitat

Answer 31

a place where an organism lives

Question 32

biomass

Answer 32

the mass of organisms in a given area

Question 33

community

Answer 33

all the organisms that live within a given area

Question 34

niche

Answer 34

the role played by a species within a community

Question 35

climate

Answer 35

large-scale, long term weather patterns

Question 36

species

Answer 36

a group of individuals that are capable to produce fertile offspring

Question 37

Biodiversity

Answer 37

the variety of species and ecosystems on earth and the ecological processes which they are part

Question 38

adaptation

Answer 38

any feature which makes an organism well suited to living in its environment

Question 39

abiotic

Answer 39

factors which are non- living | ph and temperature

Question 40

Biotic

Answer 40

factors which involved interactions between living organisms competition, disease, predation

Question 41

population

Answer 41

a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time

Question 42

biological oxygen demand ( BOD)

Answer 42

a measure of the amount of dissolved oxygen used by aerobic micro- organisms when decomposing organic matter in water

Question 43

edaphic

Answer 43

physical, chemical and biological al characteristics of soil that affect living organisms

Question 44

validity

Answer 44

encompasses the entire experiment and establishes whether the data obtained meet all the requirements of the research method

Question 45

biome

Answer 45

global land area characterised by plants animals and climate in an area