unit 1

Question 1

Biology =

Answer 1

The scientific study of life

Question 2

Science =

Answer 2

field of study that attempts to comprehend the nature of the universe

Question 3

key functions of life:

Answer 3

*Order

*Sensitivity to stimuli

*Reproduction

*Adaptation

*growth and development

*Regulation/homeostasis

*energy processing

*evolution

Question 4

The cell theory:

Answer 4

If it isnt made of at least one cell, it isnt considered living

Question 5

Three components of cell theory:

Answer 5

1) Living things are made up of one or more cells
2) Cells are the simplest structural unit of life
3) All cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 6

Bacteria =

Answer 6

single celled organisms.

very small and simple cells

Question 7

viruses =

Answer 7

Molecules of DNA or RNA that are wrapped in a protein coat

Question 8

Prions =

Answer 8

Misshaped protein that cause other proteins to become misshapen

Question 9

Yeast =

Answer 9

Single celled fungi

Question 10

Organization of life from smallest to largest:

Answer 10

Atoms—molecules—cells—tissues—organs—organ systems—organisms

Question 11

what are atoms made of?

Answer 11

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 12

an atoms nucleus is made of what?

Answer 12

protons and neutrons

Question 13

atomic number -

Answer 13

the number of protons in an atom

Question 14

what is the number at the bottom of an atomic symbol?

Answer 14

average atomic mass

Question 15

what is atomic mass?

Answer 15

the number of protons and neutrons

Question 16

what defines the element number?

Answer 16

the number of protons

Question 17

when and atom gains or loses electrons, what happens?

Answer 17

it becomes electrically charged

it becomes an ion

Question 18

what determines an atoms reactivity?

Answer 18

the outter electrons

Question 19

what is the outter layer of electrons called?

Answer 19

valent electrons

Question 20

what are electrolytes?

Answer 20

ions in body fluids that must be kept in balance. they conduct electrical charges

Question 21

when is an atom most stable?

what is the name for the rule?

Answer 21

when the outter shell of electrons is full

(the octet rule)

Question 22

what is a molecule?

Answer 22

atoms held together by bonds

Question 23

what is a compound?

Answer 23

a molecule made up of 2 or more different elements

Question 24

what are the 3 types of chemical bonds?

Answer 24

ionic, covelent, and hydrogen bonds

Question 25

a bond where electrons are donated is a...

Answer 25

ionic bond

Question 26

ionic bond =

Answer 26

ions are formed when electrons are donated and opposits attract

Question 27

a bond where electrons are shared is called...

Answer 27

a covalent bond

Question 28

a bond where electrons are shared equally...

Answer 28

non-polar covalent bonds

Question 29

a covelent bond where electrons are unequally shared is called a...

Answer 29

polar covalent bond

Question 30

what do polar covalent bonds result in?

Answer 30

molecules with partial charges

Question 31

a bond where an already bonded H is attracted to a negatively charged neighbor is a...

Answer 31

hydrogen bond

Question 32

things to note about hydrogen bonds

Answer 32

\*only occurs between a hydrogen atom and a negatively charged atom that is not hydrogen. \*easily made and broken

Question 33

what is dihydrogen monoxide?

Answer 33

water/ H2O

Question 34

humans are mostly made of what 4 elements?

Answer 34

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen

Question 35

(property of water) what is adhesion?

Answer 35

water is attracted to other water molecules and creates surface tension (water sticks together)

Question 36

(property of water) what is adhesion?

Answer 36

the tendancy of water molecules to stick to other objects

Question 37

properties of water - temperature

Answer 37

water resists temperature changes. it takes alot of heat to cause water to increase in temperature and/or change state

Question 38

is solid water more or less dense than liquid water?

Answer 38

less dense which is why it floats

Question 39

what is the universal solvent of life?

Answer 39

water

Question 40

hydrophilic =

Answer 40

polar or charged molecules that dissolve in water

Question 41

hydrophobic =

Answer 41

non-polar molecules that do not dissolve in water

Question 42

the acidic side of the ph scale is...

Answer 42

6-0

Question 43

the basic side of the ph scale is...

Answer 43

8-12

Question 44

what is neutral on the ph scale?

Answer 44

7

Question 45

more hydrogen ions are found in a solution that is

Answer 45

acidic

Question 46

more hydroxide ions are found in a solution that is...

Answer 46

more basic

Question 47

what is a buffer?

Answer 47

molecule or solution that resists change

Question 48

what can a ph buffer do?

Answer 48

it can absorb H+ and/or OH- or release H+

Question 49

what is homeostasis

Answer 49

to maintain a nearly constant internal environment EX. PH, temperature, and salinity

Question 50

what are 4 major organic molecules?

Answer 50

\*carbohydrates \*proteins \*nucleic acids \*lipids

Question 51

how many covalent bonds can carbon form?

Answer 51

up to 4

Question 52

chains of carbons and hydrogens are called what?

Answer 52

hydrocarbons

Question 53

what are functional groups?

Answer 53

atoms that form the chemically reactive part of an organic molecule