Unit 1, Anatomy of the Trunk Flashcards
(86 cards)
1
Q
Dorsal (Posterior)
A
Back Side
2
Q
Ventral (Anterior)
A
Stomach Side
3
Q
Cranial (Superior)
A
Head Side (top)
4
Q
Caudal (Inferior)
A
Feet Side (bottom)
5
Q
Lateral
A
Away from midline
6
Q
Medial
A
Toward midline
7
Q
Superficial
A
Lying atop
8
Q
Deep
A
Beneath
9
Q
Proximal (relates to limbs)
A
Located closer to trunk
10
Q
Distal (relates to limbs)
A
Located further from trunk
11
Q
Frontal Plane
A
Divides body into ventral and dorsal parts
12
Q
Mid-Sagittal Plane
A
Divides body into right and left halves
13
Q
Transverse Plane
A
Divides body into cranial and caudal parts
14
Q
Somites
A
Segmental embryonic cells (lie in pairs along developing spinal cord)
15
Q
What is the cervical region?
A
Atlas (C1)
Axis (C2), no vertebral body, has dens
16
Q
What is the thoracic region?
A
Superior and Inferior Costal Facets T1-T12 vertebrae (Transverse Costal Facets on transverse process of T1-T9 vertebrae)
17
Q
What is the Lumbar Region?
A
no foramina in transverse processes or costal facets for rib articulation
18
Q
What is the Sacral region?
A
five fused vertebrae, wedge- shaped, attaches vertebral column to hip bones
19
Q
What is the coccygeal?
A
tiny caudal vertebrae
20
Q
What does the anterior longitudinal ligament attach?
A
Anterior vertebral body to “
21
Q
posterior longitudinal ligament attach?
A
posterior vertebral body to “
22
Q
ligamenta flava ligament attach?
A
lamina to “
23
Q
intertransverse ligament attach?
A
transverse process to “
24
Q
Interspinous ligament attach?
A
spinous process to “
25
Supraspinous ligament attach?
posterior spinous process to "
26
Nuchal ligament attach?
skull to cervical spinous process
27
What is the Acetabulum?
joint surface located at fusion of ilium, ischium, and pubid
28
What is the obturator foramin?
hole, located between ischium and pubis
29
Ilium?
largest and most superior of the three bones in the pelvic girdle, includes: iliac crest with an anterior superior iliac spine, anterior inferior iliac spine, iliac fossa, and greater sciatic notch
30
Ischium?
most posterior and inferior bone of the os coxae, includes: Ischial spine that projects posteriorly, ischial tuberosity which is the part we sit on, ischial ramus that joins the inferior pubic ramus to form a bar of bone, and a lesser sciatic notch
31
Pubis?
most anterior bone of the os coxae and has a superior pubic ramus and an inferior pubic ramus, the two bones articulate in the anterior midline at the pubic symphysis. Lateral to the pubic symphysis is the pubic tubercle
32
What is the hip bone called?
Os Coxae
33
Sacroiliac (posterior and anterior) ligament attach? **Pelvic Ligaments
sacrum to ilium
34
Sacrotuberous ligament attach? **Pelvic Ligaments
sacrum to ischial tuberosity
35
Sacrospinous ligament attach? **Pelvic Ligaments
sacrum to ishial spine
36
Inguinal ligament attach? **Pelvic Ligaments
anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tuberacle
37
Splenius' muscle action and innervation? **superficial epaxial muscle
Action: Bilateral- extend head and neck
Unilateral- laterally flex head and neck
Innervation: cervical and thoracic dorsal rami
38
Iliocostalis muscle action and innervation? **superficial epaxial muscle
Action: Bilateral- extend vertebral column and head
Unilateral- laterally flex vertebral column and head
Innervation: dorsal rami
39
Longissimus muscle action and innervation? **superficial epaxial muscle
Action: Bilateral- extend vertebral column and head
Unilateral- laterally flex vertebral column and head
Innervation: dorsal rami
40
Spinalis muscle action and innervation? **superficial epaxial muscle
Action: Bilateral- extend vertebral column and head
Unilateral- laterally flex vertebral column and head
Innervation: dorsal rami
41
Semispinalis muscle action and innervation? **intermediate epaxial muscle
Action: Bilateral- extend vertebral column and head
Unilateral- laterally flex vertebral column and head
Innervation: dorsal rami
42
Multifidus muscle action and innervation? **intermediate epaxial muscle
Action: Bilateral- extend vertebral column and head
Unilateral- laterally flex vertebral column and head
Innervation: dorsal rami
43
External Intercostal muscle action and innervation? **thoracic hypaxial muscle
Action: elevates ribs during inspiration; stabilizes thoracic wall
Innervation: Intercostal nerves (ventral rami)
44
Internal Intercostal muscle action and innervation? **thoracic hypaxial muscle
Action: depresses ribs during expiration; stabilizes thoracic wall
Innervation: Intercostal nerves (ventral rami)
45
Transversus thoracis action and innervation? **thoracic hypaxial muscle
Action: depresses ribs during expiration
Innervation: Intercostal nerves (ventral rami)
46
External Oblique muscle action and innervation? **abdominal hypaxial muscle
**Doctor's coat, pocket, front
Action: Compress abdomen and support viscera; flex and rotate trunk
Innervation: T7-T12 ventral rami
47
Internal Oblique muscle action and innervation? **abdominal hypaxial muscle
**patient's robe, hands in prayer, back
Action: Compress abdomen and support viscera; flex and rotate trunk
Innervation: T7-T12, L1 ventral rami
48
Transverse Abdominis muscle action and innervation? **abdominal hypaxial muscle
Action: compress abdomen and support viscera
Innervation: T7-T12, L1 ventral rami
49
Rectus Abdominis muscle action and innervation? **abdominal hypaxial muscle
Action: flex trunk, compress abdomen and support viscera
Innervation: T7-T12 ventral rami
50
Levator Ani muscle action and innervation? **Pelvic hypaxial muscle
Action: Supports pelvic viscera; raises pelvic floor (helps to compress abdominal contents during heavy breathing, coughing, puking)
Innervation: sacral and ventral rami
51
Coccygeus muscle action and innervation? **Pelvic hypaxial muscle
Action: supports pelvic viscera; flexes coccyx
Innervation: Sacral ventral rami
52
Dorsal Roots contain what kind of neurons and where?
sensory neurons; dorsal root ganglia
53
Ventral Roots contain what kind of neurons and where?
motor neurons; ventral horns
54
Spinal Nerves contain what kind of neurons?
sensory and motor neurons
55
Where do Dorsal Rami transmit sensory impulses and which muscles?
skin of back (via posterior cutaneous nerves); epaxial muscles
56
Where do Ventral Rami transmit sensory impulses and which muscles?
skin of anterior and lateral sides of trunk (via anterior and lateral cutaneous nerves); hypaxial muscles
57
What is Kyphosis?
abnormal thoracic curvature (hunchback)
58
What is Lordosis?
prominent lumbar curvature (very arched back)
59
What is scoliosis?
abnormal lateral curvature in the spine
60
What is it called when muscles occur in sets?
Antagonistic pairs
61
What is a fascia?
layer of fibrous connective tissue located under the skin
62
What is aponeurosis?
a flat fibrous sheet of connective tissue that functions like a {tendon}
63
What is the linea alba?
midline of abs
64
What does the central nervous system do?
brain, spinal cord; receive and interpret sensory info, generate motor commands
65
What does the peripheral nervous system do?
cranial nn, spinal nn (in head, neck and trunk); transmits sensory info to CNS, transmits motor commands away from CNS to effectors
66
Sensory neuron?
carries impulse toward CNS from receptors
67
Motor neuron?
carries impulse away from CNS to effectors
68
Three facts about neurons?
1. long-lived cells
2. require continuous supply of glucose
3. cant make daughter cells (b/c of undergoing mitosis)
69
What is the fluid called that is inside the central canal of the spinal cord?
Cerebro-spinal fluid
70
What is the conus medullaris?
tapering caudal end of spinal cord
71
What is the cauda equina?
"horse tail" bunch of spinal roots at end of spinal cord
72
What is the filum terminale?
string-like midline structure at the end of spinal cord
73
What is the dura mater?
outermost covering of spinal cord
74
What is the arachnoid mater?
next in after dura mater (covering of spinal cord)
75
What is the subarachnoid space?
"cobwebs," contains cerebrospinal fluid
76
What is the pia mater?
innermost covering of spinal cord
77
Where does the diaphragm originate from?
cervical somites in the embyro
78
What is the diaphragm innervated by?
Phrenic nerve plates 54, 91
79
What three large holes does the diaphragm contain?
vein (inferior vena cava), gut tube (esophagus), and Artery (descending aorta)
80
What is a celom?
fluid-filled space lined by a membrane
81
What is a celomic cavity enclosed by?
a fluid-secreting serous membrane (also called a serosa)
82
What is the parietal serosa?
outer part of the body cavity (celom)
83
What is the visceral serosa?
inner part of the body cavity (celom), folds around organ
84
What is the celom associated with the lungs? inner and outer name?
Pleural cavities
Outer: parietal pleura
Inner: visceral pleura
85
What is the celom associated with the heart? inner and outer name?
Pericardial cavities
Fibrous Pericardium
Outer: parietal pericardium
Inner: visceral pericardium
86
What is the celom associated with the abdominal and pelvic organs? inner and outer name?
Peritoneal Cavities
Outer: parietal peritoneum
Inner: visceral peritoneum
