unit 1 aos 2 Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are the main functions of the cardiovascular system?
Transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products
What is the structure of the heart?
Four chambers: left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, right ventricle
What are the functions of the heart during systole?
Pumping blood out of the heart
What are the functions of the heart during diastole?
Filling the heart with blood
What are the components of blood?
- Red blood cells
- White blood cells
- Platelets
- Plasma
What is the structure and function of blood vessels?
Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins return blood to the heart
What are the two types of circulation in the cardiovascular system?
- Systemic circulation
- Pulmonary circulation
What is thermoregulation?
The process of maintaining body temperature within a certain range
What is hyperthermia?
Abnormally high body temperature
What is hypothermia?
Abnormally low body temperature
What are vasodilation and vasoconstriction?
- Vasodilation: widening of blood vessels
- Vasoconstriction: narrowing of blood vessels
What are the acute responses of the cardiovascular system?
- Heart Rate
- Stroke Volume
- Cardiac Output
- Systolic Pressure
- Blood Flow
- Blood Vessel diameter
- Blood flow redistribution
- Decreased blood volume
- Avo2 difference
What is the relationship between stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR), and cardiac output (Q) at rest and during exercise?
As exercise intensity increases, both HR and SV increase, leading to higher Q
What are the main functions of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange, regulating blood pH, and producing sound
What is the structure of the respiratory system?
- Conducting zone
- Diaphragm
- Pleura
What is the structure of the lungs?
- Alveoli
- Capillaries
What is the role of alveoli in the respiratory system?
Site of gas exchange
What is the mechanics of breathing?
- Ventilation
- Inspiration
- Expiration
- Lung volumes
What is the process of removing CO2 from the blood?
Diffusion from capillaries into alveoli
What is VO2 Max?
Maximum rate of oxygen consumption during intense exercise
What are the acute responses of the respiratory system?
- Respiratory Rate
- Tidal Volume
- Ventilation
- Increased diffusion
- Increased VO2
- Increased efforts of rib cage, muscles, and diaphragm
Fill in the blank: O2 uptake during exercise includes _______.
[O2 deficit, Steady State, EPOC]
What is EPOC?
Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption
What is the interrelationship of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems?
They work together to transport oxygen around the body at rest and during exercise
