UNIT 1 AOS 2

Question 1

what is a case study?

Answer 1

an investigation on one particular person/thing

Question 2

what is a disadvantage of a case study?

Answer 2

limited generalisation

Question 3

what is a sample?

Answer 3

the people in the experiment

Question 4

what is the definition of internal validity?

Answer 4

the extent to which a study demonstrates an accurate relationship between the variables within the study itself

Question 5

what is the definition of external validity?

Answer 5

the extent to which a study can be generalised to other populations, settings and situations

Question 6

what are the 3 main sub-structures in the frontal lobe?

Answer 6

pre-frontal cortex, primary motor cortex, broca’s area

Question 7

what is the main function of the pre-frontal cortex?

Answer 7

higher-order cognitive functions

Question 8

what is the main function of the primary motor cortex?

Answer 8

execution of voluntary motor movements

Question 9

what is the main function of broca’s area?

Answer 9

complex coordination of muscles in jaw, tongue and vocal tracts to produce speech sounds

Question 10

what happens if there is damage to broca’s area?

Answer 10

inability to produce fluent speech

Question 11

what does the primary somatosensory cortex do?

Answer 11

receive sensory information about touch

Question 12

what is the main 2 sub-structures in the temporal lobe?

Answer 12

primary auditory cortex, wernicke’s area

Question 13

what is the main function of the primary auditory cortex?

Answer 13

receiving and processing information about sound

Question 14

what is the main function of wernicke’s area?

Answer 14

comprehension of speech

Question 15

what happens if wernicke’s area is damaged?

Answer 15

able to speak fluently but doesn’t make sense

Question 16

what is the main sub-structure in the occipital lobe?

Answer 16

primary visual cortex

Question 17

what is the function of the primary visual cortex?

Answer 17

receiving information regarding vision directly from the eyes

Question 18

what is the corpus callosum?

Answer 18

thick bundle of nerve fibres that bridges the two cerebral hemispheres

Question 19

what does the corpus callosum do?

Answer 19

allows information to be exchanged between the hemispheres

Question 20

what is the left hemisphere function?

Answer 20

language processing, speech production, reading & writing

Question 21

what is the right hemisphere function?

Answer 21

emotional understanding, visuospatial processing, social cognition

Question 22

what is contralateral organisation?

Answer 22

left hemisphere controls right side of body, right hemisphere controls left side of body

Question 23

what is the definition of neuroplasticity?

Answer 23

ability of the brain to change in structure and function

Question 24

what is the definition of developmental neuroplasticity?

Answer 24

changes due to physical maturation

Question 25

define synaptogenesis

Answer 25

process of the brain forming new synapses

Question 26

define synaptic pruning

Answer 26

process where little-used neural pathways are eliminated

Question 27

define myelation

Answer 27

production of myelin membrane that wraps axons in the central and peripheral nervous system that decreases plasticity

Question 28

what is myelin?

Answer 28

like a "setting spray"

Question 29

what is the definition of adaptive plasticity?

Answer 29

changes due to environmental conditions

Question 30

define synaptic plasticity

Answer 30

functional and structural changes at a synapse that alters the communication between neurons

Question 31

what does LTP stand for?

Answer 31

long-term potentiation

Question 32

define LTP

Answer 32

long-lasting strengthening of synaptic connections

Question 33

what does LTD stand for?

Answer 33

long-term depression

Question 34

define LTD

Answer 34

long-lasting weakening of synaptic connections

Question 35

define sprouting

Answer 35

neurons grow new dendrites to create new pathways

Question 36

define rerouting

Answer 36

existing pathway takes over the functioning of a neural pathway that has been damaged

Question 37

what is the definition of ABI?

Answer 37

damage to the brain that can result from many different causes

Question 38

what does ABI stand for?

Answer 38

acquired brain injury

Question 39

what does TBI stand for?

Answer 39

traumatic brain injury

Question 40

how does a TBI occur?

Answer 40

blow to the head, whiplash

Question 41

what are some biological impacts of an ABI?

Answer 41

physical impact, lose consciousness

Question 42

what are some psychological impacts of an ABI?

Answer 42

difficulty with emotional regulation, personality changes, possible mental health issues

Question 43

what are some social impacts of an ABI?

Answer 43

social isolation, challenges with leisure activities

Question 44

what is the effects of damage to the frontal lobe?

Answer 44

personality changes - self control and risk taking, mood changes

Question 45

what is the effects of damage to the parietal lobe?

Answer 45

difficulty with spatial awareness and sensory perception

Question 46

what is the effects of damage to the temporal lobe?

Answer 46

effects memory, speech perception and learning new information

Question 47

what is the effects of damage to the occipital lobe?

Answer 47

cortical blindness, difficulty recognising objects, visual hallucinations or illusions