Unit 1: AOS 2, DP 2

Question 1

Multicellular organisms have

Answer 1

specialised cells used to perform different functions that serve the needs of the whole organism

Question 2

The simplest level of organization

Answer 2

Cellular level (sponges)

Question 3

Tissues are formed by

Answer 3

group of cells that act in a coordinated manner

Question 4

Two-layer body plan

Answer 4

tissue level organisation (jellyfish, corals, hydra)

Question 5

Major tissue types

Answer 5

epithelial, muscle, connective, nervous

Question 6

Organs are a

Answer 6

group of different kinds of tissues to form a discrete structure that works cooperatively to perform a specific function

Question 7

3-layer body plan

Answer 7

First organ level organisation (flatworms)

Question 8

Systems are

Answer 8

a group of organs that cooperate to carry out single life-sustaining functions (excretion, digestion)

Question 9

Systems do not

Answer 9

act in isolation and are dependent on each other

Question 10

Digestive system

Answer 10

Breaks down macromolecules to be absorbed and used for energy production, growth, maintenance & repair

Question 11

Digestive tissues

Answer 11

muscosa (epithelial), sub-mucosa (connective), muscularis (muscle), serosa (connective)

Question 12

Mouth (digestive)

Answer 12

teeth mech breakdown, enzymes in saliva chem breakdown

Question 13

Oesophagus (digestive)

Answer 13

transports food to the stomach via peristalsis

Question 14

Stomach (digestive)

Answer 14

temporary holding chamber, three layers of muscles churn contents, acidic conditions and active enzymes digest fats & start digestion of proteins

Question 15

Liver (digestive)

Answer 15

produces bile which aids digestion

Question 16

Pancreas (digestive)

Answer 16

produces enzymes

Question 17

Small intestine (digestive)

Answer 17

final stage of digestion and absorption of nutrients; mucosa distinguished by villi, crypts, microvilli

Question 18

Large Intestine (digestive)

Answer 18

includes caecum, colon, rectum, anus, includes reabsorption of water, formation/storage faeces, elimination of faeces & maintenance gut bacteria

Question 19

Endocrine System

Answer 19

Network of endocrine glands that deliver chemical messages through hormones in the blood stream to target tissues

Question 20

Pituitary gland (endocrine)

Answer 20

base of brain below the hypothalamus

Question 21

Anterior pituitary (endocrine)

Answer 21

made of glandular tissue that synthesizes and secretes hormones that activate other endocrine glands

Question 22

Posterior pituitary (endocrine)

Answer 22

made of neural tissue that stores and releases hormones sent from the hypothalamus

Question 23

Adrenal gland (endocrine)

Answer 23

small endocrine located on top of kidneys

Question 24

Corticoid hormones (endocrine)

Answer 24

steroid hormones, produced by cells of cortex of adrenal glands

Question 25

Cortisol (endocrine)

Answer 25

steroid hormone produced by adrenal cortex, controls blood glucose levels during stress and body’s recovery from stress response

Question 26

Adrenaline (endocrine)

Answer 26

fight or flight hormone

Question 27

Thyroid gland (endocrine)

Answer 27

produces/secretes hormones including T3/T4

Question 28

Parathyroid gland (endocrine)

Answer 28

networks of capillary vessels throughout their tissue

Question 29

Excretory System

Answer 29

process of removal from the body of various types of waste material arising from its metabolic activities

Question 30

Urinary tract

Answer 30

hollow organs (ureters, bladder, urethra) transport urine to the outside of the body

Question 31

Tissues (excretory)

Answer 31

* Epithelial tissue: linings formed by transitional epithelium * Connective tissue * Muscle tissue

Question 32

Kidney (excretory)

Answer 32

filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion o Remove metabolic wastes from blood, conserve salts and water maintained within narrow limits (osmoregulatory function)

Question 33

Ureter (excretory)

Answer 33

transport urine made in kidney to the bladder

Question 34

Urinary bladder (excretory)

Answer 34

temporary storage for urine

Question 35

Urethra (excretory)

Answer 35

tube that allows urine to pass outside the body