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Unit 1 AOS 2 SAC Flashcards

1
Q

Hindbrain

A

controls basic survival functions that we do unconsiously

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2
Q

Hindbrain main structures

A

Medulla, Cerebellum, Pons

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3
Q

Midbrain

A

keep us alert, awake and vigilant

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4
Q

Midbrain structure

A

Reticular formation

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5
Q

Forebrain

A

responsible for complex functions like emotions, motivations, sensations, perceptions, learning and memory

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6
Q

forebrain structures

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebrum

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7
Q

medulla

A

regulates all organs vital for life functioning

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8
Q

cerebellum

A

Coordinates voluntary movement and balance

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9
Q

pons

A

responsible for sleep and arousal

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10
Q

reticular formation

A

helps in focusing selective attention, alertness and physiological arousal

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11
Q

Thalamus

A

relays all sensory information except smell to the brain

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12
Q

Hypothlamus

A

Regulates body temperature, sleep wake cycle, sex drive, hunger, thirst and hormone secretion

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13
Q

Cerebrum

A

higher cognitive functioning, voluntary movements, emotions and personality

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14
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

outer layer of the brain, divided into cortical lobes, known as the Frontal lobe, Temporal lobe, Occipital lobe and Parietal lobe.

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15
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

In charge of movement and speech. primary area is primary motor cotex, which controls movement

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16
Q

frontal lobe association areas

A

Association areas recieve and combine information from other areas of the brain. Also in charge of planning and carrying out movement, personality, language, judgement, emotions and attention

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17
Q

broca’s area

A

in LEFT frontal lobe only, in charge of production of speech

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18
Q

temporal lobe

A

in charge of hearing and memory. Primary area is Primary Auditory cortex which recieves and processes sounds. Left auditory cortex processes verbal sounds (words) and right processes non-verbal sounds (music)

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19
Q

temporal lobe association areas

A

important role in memory, remembering facts, procedures, events, object and facial recognition.

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20
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

in LEFT temporal lobe only, in charge of understanding speech

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21
Q

Occipital lobe

A

In charge of vision, primary area is the primary visual cortex, which specialises in the processing of visual information, which is sent to the cortex via the eye receptors and thalamus.

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22
Q

Occiptal lobe association areas

A

Transforms visual information into complete pictures, integrates visual information from other areas in the brain

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23
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Sensory and spatial reasoning. Primary area is the primary somatosensory cortex, which recieves and controls sensory information from the skin

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24
Q

Parietal lobe association areas

A

Sense of touch, motion detection, Location of objects in space, attention and spatial reasoning

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25
Neuroplasticity
the brain's ability to grow and change throughout the lifespan. When an individual's neurons and their connections, as a result of learning, experience and brain trauma
26
developmental plasticity
changes in your brain as a result of learning new things, gaining experience and developing
27
adaptive plasticity
changes in your brain that occur after brain damage, to re-establish connections and enable the brain to continue working like it used to.
28
Long term potation
the long lasting strengthening of neural connections in the brain due to repeated stimulation
29
Brain damage
can occur through disease or trauma as well as the use of drugs and alcohol
30
Rerouting
healthy neurons seek an alternative route when existing connections are lost
31
Sprouting
existing neurons form new axon terminals and dendrites to allow new connections to be made
32
Maximising and maintaining our brain
Mental stimulation - any activity that activates or enriches the mind good diet and exercise
33
Dendrites
branch like extensions on a neuron, passes info and is connected to the cell body
34
cell body
contains the nucleus, brain of the neuron, passes information to the axon
35
axon
nerve fibre of neuron, goes through the whole thing. transmits information to other neurons
36
Myelin Sheath
Layer of insulation around the axon which protects and speeds up electrical charge
37
Axon terminal/Axon buttons
end of the neuron, connects to other dendrites to pass information
38
Aquired brain injury (ABI)
the result of damage to the brain that happens after birth at any time during life
39
Causes of ABI
physical injury, disease or infection, oxygen deprivation to the whole body or brain, poisoning or drugs or alcohol and brain tumours
40
effect of ABI on biological factors
change in organ function, seizures, loss or increased sensitivity of smell or some smells
41
effect of ABI on pscychological factors
changes in cognition, behaviour, personality, emotion and memory loss, impusivity and irritability
42
effect of ABI on social factors
relationships, interations in the environment and interpersonal skills
43
Examples of ABI
Stroke, Spatial neglect and Aphasia
44
what is CTE
a neurodegenerative disease linked to repeated impacts to the head. It is progressive and fatal. The brain movement inside the skull causes a buildup of Tau protein.
45
Causes of CTE
Contact sports (boxing, AFL, NFL), military exposure to blast impacts, head banging and domestic violence. Other possible risk factors include timing, genetics, severity, location and lifestyle
46
Symptoms of CTE
impairments in decision making, attention and concentration, memory loss, depression, anxiety and paranoia and aggression and emotional outbursts.
47
Difficulties in diagnosing CTE
Very similar to Alzheimer's Disease and other neurological disorders Can only be diagnosed in autopsy
48
Phrenology
Assessing a person's personality and intelligence through feeling the bumps on their skull
49
Pseudosciences
a false science that is mistakenly regarded as being based on a scientific method, e.g. Astrology (Star Signs), Phrenology and Palmistry
50
Psychology
The study of the brain and its functions. Derived from philosophy, which involves making predictions on human behaviour but is not based on evidence, and natural science, which is based on evidence
51
Split brain surgery
Involves cutting the band of nerve tissure connecting the hemispheres of the brain (corpus callosum) to reduce the effect of epileptic seizures.
52
What happened to Phineas Gage?
While working on a rail line, Gage was using gunpowder to blow up a large rock, packing it in with a large metal rod. Then, accidentally the gunpowder sparked and blew the metal rod into Gage's cheek and all the way through the top of his skull, through his frontal lobe.
53
What did we learn from Phineas Gage's accident?
It taught psychologists that the frontal lobe was mostly in charge of emotions, personality, motor movements and cognitive funtions like memory and problem solving, as this is what Gage had problems with after his accident
54
Case study
an investigation of a particular activity, behaviour or event that contains a real or hypothetical situation and real world complexities
55
Hemispheric specialisation
some functions are only located in one side of the brain.
56
corpus callosum
a thick bundle of nerves connecting the 2 hemispheres that allows them to communicate
57
Right side hemispheric specialisation
creativity, appreaciation for art and music, spatial reasoning and facial recognition
58
left side hemispheric specialisation
logical reasoning. verbal tasks including comprehension, reading and writing, and also analytical thinking.
59
Central nervous system
Made up of brain and spinal cord. has 2 main functions - carry motor information from the brain and receive sensory information which travels to the brain
60
peripheral nervous system
network of neurons outside the CNS. connects CNS to organs. divided into somatic and autonomic systems
61
Somatic nervous system
mainly involved with external, carry out voluntary movement and convey sensory information
62
autonomic nervous system
mainly involved with internal. self regulating, and divided into sympathetic (body reacting to potentially dangerous situations) and parasympathetic (helps maintain stability)
63
types of neurons
sensory, motor and interneurons
64
neurodiversity
the idea that every human has a unique nervous system with a different combination of abilities and needs
65
experience dependant plasticity
changes that occur due to individual experience
66
experience expectant plasticity
changes that occur due to specific environmental cues that the brain expects to be exposed
67
experience independant plasticity
changes in the brain that occur regardless of experience, genetically predetermined
68
long term depression
the long lasting weakening of neural connections in the brain due to not exercising the information
69
synaptic pruning
when the brain removes neurons and synapses it doesn't need
70
synaptogenesis
the formation of new synapses

Psych (6 decks)

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