Unit 1: AOS1 - Bbody Systems And Human Movement Flashcards
(39 cards)
What are the types of muscles?
- smooth muscles
- skeletal muscles
- cardiac muscles
What are the functions of the muscular system?
- allows movement
- maintains posture
- permits essential body functions - heart, breathing, digestion
- production of body heat
What is a smooth muscle?
Muscles found in blood vessels and intestinal walls
They are internal, involuntary muscles
What is a skeletal muscle?
They are external voluntary muscles.
Eg. Deltoid, quadriceps, biceps
What is a cardiac muscle?
Only found in the wall of heart
Involuntary
What are the types of muscle movement?
Contraction and relaxation
What is an agonist
A muscle creating the movement is called the agonist
What is the antagonist
The muscle relaxing is called the antagonist
What are the types of muscle contraction?
Isotonic -concentric = against gravity -eccentric = with gravity Isometric Isokinetic
What is isotonic muscle contraction?
The muscle length changes during contraction
What is concentric contraction?
Muscle shortens with tension (biceps curl up)
AGAINST GRAVITY
What is eccentric contraction?
Muscle lengthens with tension (biceps curl down)
WITH GRAVITY
What is isometric contraction?
Muscle length doesn’t change
What is isokinetic muscle contraction?
Max tension at every angle
What are the two basic types of fibre arrangement?
Fusiform
Pennate
What is fusiform fibre arrangement?
An example is a bicep
Advantage: range of motion
Disadvantage: force
What is Pennate fibre arrangement?
Unipennate Bipennate - quads Multipennate - deltoid Advantage: force Disadvantage: range of motion
What are the types of muscle fibre
Fast twitch (white) Slow twitch (red)
What are slow twitch fibres?
Aerobic fibres Produce large amounts of energy slowly Suited to endurance events Low force but long duration eg. Marathons Red in colour Low fatigue
What are fast twitch fibres?
Anaerobic fibres Produce a small amount of energy quickly Suited to power events High force but short duration eg. Sprint/power events White in colour High fitigue
What are the types of synovial joints?
Gliding joint Pivot ball and socket Hinge Saddle Condyloid
What are uniaxial joints?
Only allowing movement in one place, such as back and forth movement.
Eg. Hinge joint in the elbows and knees
What are biaxial joints?
Allowing movement in two places, such as side to side and back and forth movements
Eg. Condyloid joints in wrists and ankles
What are triaxial joints
There is only one major type of synovial triaxial joint: ball-and-socket. As its name implies, one bone is shaped like a ball and fits into the socket shape of the other bone.
