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Chemistry > Unit 1 - Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Atomic Structure Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

What is matter made up of?

A

Atoms which can combine in different ways eg solid liquid gas

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2
Q

What are the 3 sub atomic particles

A

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

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3
Q

What does AMU stand for

A

Atomic Mass Unit

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4
Q

What is found at the centre of the atom

A

Protons and neutrons which form a nucleus, and has electrons orbiting around it

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5
Q

What are electrons held in

A

Energy levels

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6
Q

What is meant by the atomic number and the mass number

A

Atomic number - number of protons an atom has

Mass number - number of protons AND neutrons an atom has

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7
Q

What is a protons mass, charge, and location

A

Mass - 1
Charge - +
Location - centre of nucleus

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8
Q

What is the neutrons charge, mass and location

A

Charge - 0
Mass - 1
Location - centre of nucleus

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9
Q

What is an electrons mass, charge, location

A

Mass - 1/2000
Charge - (-)
Location - orbiting round nucleus

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10
Q

What are isotopes

A

Isotopes are atoms which have the same atomic number but DIFFERENT mass number

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11
Q

What affects the rate of a reaction

A

Catalyst
Temperature
Surface area
Concentration

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12
Q

How does a catalyst affect the rate of reaction

A

As they bring reactive molecules close enough to react on the catalyst surface

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13
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a catalyst

A

Adv
Speeds up reaction
Lowers temperature of reaction

Disadv
Expensive
Potentially harmful

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14
Q

How does temperature affect the rate of reaction

A

When we heat up a reaction the particles move much faster. This means there is a greater chance of a successful collision taking place

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15
Q

How does surface area affect rate of reaction

A

The larger the surface area the greater the reaction. Large surface areas mean a greater chance of a successful collision

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16
Q

How does concentration affect rate of reaction

A

Concentration is a measure of how many solute particles are dissolved in a volume of a solvent. Increasing concentration means less space and so more chance of a successful collision

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17
Q

What is average rate

A

Average rate = change in measurement / change in time

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18
Q

How are the elements in the periodic table arranged

A

In order of increasing atomic number

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19
Q

How can we divide the elements up in the periodic table

A

Metals and non metals
Solids liquids gases
Natural and man made
Groups

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20
Q

What are the different groups in the periodic table

A 
Group 1 - alkali metals 
            2 - alkaline earth metals 
Between 2 and 3 - transition metals 
            7 - halogens 
            8 - noble gases
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21
Q

What is RAM

A

Relative Atomic Mass

Average mass of isotopes taking into account their relative proportions

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22
Q

How would you calculate the average mass

A

Cl - 2 isotopes
35. 37
Cl and Cl. 75% of Cl is 35
17. 17

(3575/100) + (3775/100)

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23
Q

What are the seven diatomic atoms

Study These Flashcards
A

O2, H2, N2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

24
Q

What is an ion

Study These Flashcards
A

When there is an imbalance in the number of protons and electrons.

25
How are ions formed
By gaining or losing of electrons which achieves a stable electron configuration.
26
What is nuclide notation
Used to show numbers of sub atomic particles in an atom/ion
27
What is a lattice
A regular arrangement of ions where each positive ion is surrounded by negative ions
28
What do ionic compounds have
High melting and boiling points as it takes a lot of energy to break the strong ionic bonds which breaks the lattice
29
How else can you break down the lattice
Dissolving it
30
When do ionic compounds only conduct electricity
When molten or in solution due to the breakdown of the lattice resulting in the ions being free to move
31
What is a covalent bond
Shared pair of electrons which is attracted to the nuclei of the bonded atoms
32
What leads to double or triple covalent bonds
Covalent bonds can be more than one bond between atoms
33
What can covalent substances form
Discrete molecular or giant network structures
34
What do covalent molecular structures have
Low melting and boiling points as only weak forces of attraction between molecules are being broken
35
What do giant covalent networks have
High melting and boiling points as it takes a lot of energy to break the strong covalent network bonds
36
What types of atoms make covalent bonds occur
Non metals, the electrons are shared between them
37
What do physical properties indicate
``` Solubility Conductivity Hardness State at room temp Appearance ```
38
When are ionic compounds formed
When metal 'ions' and non metal 'ions' form ionic bonds
39
What is an ion bind described as
Electrostatic form of attraction | Metals and non metals ions transfer electrons
40
What are the common acids
``` Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) Hydrochloric acid (HCl) Nitric acid (HNO3) Citric acid Acetic acid aka vinegar ```
41
What do all acids contain
H+ ion
42
What are bases made from
Alkalis (metal hydroxides) Metal oxide Metal carbonate
43
What are the common bases
``` Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Copper oxide (CuO) Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) aka chalk ```
44
What is neutralisation
When a solution has an equal amount of hydroxide ions and hydrogen ions
45
What is the equation for acid and metal oxide
Acid + metal oxide = salt + water
46
What is the equation involving acid and metal hydroxide
Acid + metal hydroxide (alkali) -> water + salt
47
What is the equation involving acid and metal carbonate
Acid + metal carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide
48
How do you name a salt
The 1st part of the salts name comes from the base and the second part comes from the name of the salt
49
What is an acid
A solution with a greater concentration of hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
50
What is an alkali
A solution that has a greater concentration of hydroxide ions
51
What do soluble metal oxides produce when added to water
Metal hydroxide solutions which increase the hydroxide ion concentration
52
What increases the hydrogen ion concentration
Soluble non metal oxides
53
What are spectator ions
In a reaction not all substances will react. The ones that don't are called SPECTATOR IONS. if the state symbol has changed during the reaction then the ion is NOT a spectator ion. If the state symbol HAS changed then it is a spectator ion
54
What is titration
It is an analytical technique used to determine the accurate volumes involved in chemical reactions such as neutralisation.
55
What do all substances contain?
Matter
56
How do you know if a reaction is endothermic
If the temperature drops during the reaction

Chemistry (6 decks)

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