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Chemistry GCSE AQA > Unit 1 - Atomic structure and the periodic table > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Atomic structure and the periodic table Flashcards

1
Q

which model of the atom is a solid sphere

A

john daltons model of the atom

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2
Q

What is the plum pudding model

A

JJ thompson - the atom is overall positively charged with negatively charged electrons in it

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3
Q

what is the Rutherford model

A

made after gold foil experiment - some particles were scattered, some were deflected back, so the mass is concentrated in the nucleus
negative electrons orbit positive nucleus

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4
Q

what is the Bohr model

A

Electrons orbit the nucleus in shells

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5
Q

Who discovered the neutron?

A

James Chadwick

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6
Q

What is the top number of an element in the periodic table ?

A

The Mass number - the total number of protons and neutrons

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7
Q

What is the bottom number of an element in the periodic table ?

A

The Atomic number - the number of protons

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8
Q

How to find the amount of electrons ?

A

number of electrons is equal to the atomic number

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9
Q

How to find the number of neutrons

A

atomic mass - atomic number

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10
Q

What is an element ?

A

a substance made up of only one type of atom

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11
Q

What is a compound ?

A

a substance made up of two or more elements chemically bonded together

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12
Q

What is a mixture ?

A

consists of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded

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13
Q

How to balance equations?

A

You can only use large numbers, not small ones

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14
Q

what are half equations ?

A

An equation that shows what happens to one element in a chemical reaction

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15
Q

What is OIL RIG?

A

Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain
(of electrons)

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16
Q

What is an ionic equation?

A

An equation that shows what happens to ions in a reaction

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17
Q

mixtures can be separated by_______ means

A

physical

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18
Q

What are the different means of separation?

A

Filtration, crystallisation, simple distillation, fractional distillation, chromatography

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19
Q

What does filtration do?

A

separates an insoluble solid from a liquid

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20
Q

What does crystallisation do?

A

separates a soluble substance from a solvent

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21
Q

What does simple distillation do?

A

separates a liquid and soluble solid from a solution

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22
Q

what does fractional distillation do?

A

separates two or more liquids that are miscible with one another

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23
Q

What does chromatography do?

A

separate substances that have different solubilities in a given solvent

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24
Q

What are the charges of sub atomic particles ?

A

proton : +1
Neutron: 0
Electron: -1

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25
Q

What is the relative mass of the subatomic particles?

A

proton: 1
neutron:1
electron: very small

26
Q

How do you calculate the relative atomic mass?

A

((% of isotope A x mass of isotope A)+(% of isotope B x mass of isotope B)) / 100

27
Q

How many electrons are in each shell?

A

2,8,8

28
Q

How is the periodic table structured?

A

increasing atomic number

29
Q

What is a group and what is a period?

A

group: vertical column
period: horizontal row

30
Q

What does the group number tell us?

A

how many electrons are on the outer shell

31
Q

What does the period number tell us?

A

the number of shells of electrons an atom has

32
Q

Before the discovery of the subatomic particles, how did scientists arrange elements?

A

in order of their atomic weight

33
Q

How did Mendeleev arrange the periodic table?

A

horizontally in order of relative atomic mass, left gaps for undiscovered elements

34
Q

How did Mendeleev predict properties of undiscovered elements?

A

by using trends in groups

35
Q

What limited the accuracy of Mendeleev’s periodic table?

A

isotopes were not known in Mendeleev’s time

36
Q

What two types are elements split into?

A

Metals and non-metals

37
Q

What do metals do in a reaction?

A

Lose electrons to become positive

38
Q

What do non-metals do in a reaction?

A

form negative ions

39
Q

What do non-metals do in a reaction?

A

Form negative ions

40
Q

What does group number tell us about an element?

A

How many electrons it has in the outer shell

41
Q

What does period number tell us about an element?

A

How many shells it has

42
Q

What are the key differences between metals and non-metals?

A

Metals: conduct electricity, many react with acids,
Non-metals: don’t conduct electricity, many don’t react with acids

43
Q

What is group 0 called?

A

Noble gasses

44
Q

What are the characteristics of noble gases?

A

monatomic, non-flammable, colourless gasses, unreactive

45
Q

What happens to boiling point of noble gasses as you go down the group?

A

Increases (but they all have low mtp and bpt)

46
Q

What happens to the density of noble gasses as you go down the group?

A

They get more dense

47
Q

What is group 1 called?

A

Alkali metals

48
Q

What are the characteristics of alkali metals?

A

Soft metals, very reactive, low densities, low boiling point

49
Q

What happens to alkali metals as you go down the group?

A

They get softer, more reactive

50
Q

How does lithium react with water?

A

relatively slow reaction, fizzing can be seen and heard

51
Q

How does sodium react with water?

A

sodium melts, moves about the surface of the water

52
Q

How does potassium react with water?

A

More violent reaction than sodium, hydrogen burns with a lilac coloured flame, melts into a ball that moves about the surface of the water

53
Q

How do the alkali metals react with oxygen?

A

(Lithium example)
4Li + O2 = 2Li2O

54
Q

How do the alkali metals react with Chlorine?

A

(Sodium example)
2Na + Cl2 = 2NaCl

55
Q

How do the alkali metals react with water?

A

metal + water = metal hydroxide + hydrogen

56
Q

What is group 7 called?

A

The Halogens

57
Q

Halogens are _____ molecules

A

diatomic

58
Q

what are the Halogens appearance at room temperature

A

Fluorine - yellow gas
Chlorine - yellow / green gas - pale green in solution
Bromine - red/brown liquid - orange in solution
Iodine - purple/black solid - brown in solution

59
Q

What happens to Halogens as you go down the group?

A

reactivity decreases, boiling point increases,

60
Q

What are the characteristics of metals?

A

high melting points, high density, shiny, malleable, conductors of electricity / heat, ductile

61
Q

What are some uses of transition metals?

A

catalysts, dyes / paints (transition metals form colourful compounds

Chemistry GCSE AQA (1 decks)

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