Unit 1 - Atomic structure and the periodic table

Question 1

which model of the atom is a solid sphere

Answer 1

john daltons model of the atom

Question 2

What is the plum pudding model

Answer 2

JJ thompson - the atom is overall positively charged with negatively charged electrons in it

Question 3

what is the Rutherford model

Answer 3

made after gold foil experiment - some particles were scattered, some were deflected back, so the mass is concentrated in the nucleus
negative electrons orbit positive nucleus

Question 4

what is the Bohr model

Answer 4

Electrons orbit the nucleus in shells

Question 5

Who discovered the neutron?

Answer 5

James Chadwick

Question 6

What is the top number of an element in the periodic table ?

Answer 6

The Mass number - the total number of protons and neutrons

Question 7

What is the bottom number of an element in the periodic table ?

Answer 7

The Atomic number - the number of protons

Question 8

How to find the amount of electrons ?

Answer 8

number of electrons is equal to the atomic number

Question 9

How to find the number of neutrons

Answer 9

atomic mass - atomic number

Question 10

What is an element ?

Answer 10

a substance made up of only one type of atom

Question 11

What is a compound ?

Answer 11

a substance made up of two or more elements chemically bonded together

Question 12

What is a mixture ?

Answer 12

consists of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded

Question 13

How to balance equations?

Answer 13

You can only use large numbers, not small ones

Question 14

what are half equations ?

Answer 14

An equation that shows what happens to one element in a chemical reaction

Question 15

What is OIL RIG?

Answer 15

Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain
(of electrons)

Question 16

What is an ionic equation?

Answer 16

An equation that shows what happens to ions in a reaction

Question 17

mixtures can be separated by_______ means

Answer 17

physical

Question 18

What are the different means of separation?

Answer 18

Filtration, crystallisation, simple distillation, fractional distillation, chromatography

Question 19

What does filtration do?

Answer 19

separates an insoluble solid from a liquid

Question 20

What does crystallisation do?

Answer 20

separates a soluble substance from a solvent

Question 21

What does simple distillation do?

Answer 21

separates a liquid and soluble solid from a solution

Question 22

what does fractional distillation do?

Answer 22

separates two or more liquids that are miscible with one another

Question 23

What does chromatography do?

Answer 23

separate substances that have different solubilities in a given solvent

Question 24

What are the charges of sub atomic particles ?

Answer 24

proton : +1
Neutron: 0
Electron: -1

Question 25

What is the relative mass of the subatomic particles?

Answer 25

proton: 1 neutron:1 electron: very small

Question 26

How do you calculate the relative atomic mass?

Answer 26

((% of isotope A x mass of isotope A)+(% of isotope B x mass of isotope B)) / 100

Question 27

How many electrons are in each shell?

Answer 27

2,8,8

Question 28

How is the periodic table structured?

Answer 28

increasing atomic number

Question 29

What is a group and what is a period?

Answer 29

group: vertical column period: horizontal row

Question 30

What does the group number tell us?

Answer 30

how many electrons are on the outer shell

Question 31

What does the period number tell us?

Answer 31

the number of shells of electrons an atom has

Question 32

Before the discovery of the subatomic particles, how did scientists arrange elements?

Answer 32

in order of their atomic weight

Question 33

How did Mendeleev arrange the periodic table?

Answer 33

horizontally in order of relative atomic mass, left gaps for undiscovered elements

Question 34

How did Mendeleev predict properties of undiscovered elements?

Answer 34

by using trends in groups

Question 35

What limited the accuracy of Mendeleev's periodic table?

Answer 35

isotopes were not known in Mendeleev's time

Question 36

What two types are elements split into?

Answer 36

Metals and non-metals

Question 37

What do metals do in a reaction?

Answer 37

Lose electrons to become positive

Question 38

What do non-metals do in a reaction?

Answer 38

form negative ions

Question 39

What do non-metals do in a reaction?

Answer 39

Form negative ions

Question 40

What does group number tell us about an element?

Answer 40

How many electrons it has in the outer shell

Question 41

What does period number tell us about an element?

Answer 41

How many shells it has

Question 42

What are the key differences between metals and non-metals?

Answer 42

Metals: conduct electricity, many react with acids, Non-metals: don't conduct electricity, many don't react with acids

Question 43

What is group 0 called?

Answer 43

Noble gasses

Question 44

What are the characteristics of noble gases?

Answer 44

monatomic, non-flammable, colourless gasses, unreactive

Question 45

What happens to boiling point of noble gasses as you go down the group?

Answer 45

Increases (but they all have low mtp and bpt)

Question 46

What happens to the density of noble gasses as you go down the group?

Answer 46

They get more dense

Question 47

What is group 1 called?

Answer 47

Alkali metals

Question 48

What are the characteristics of alkali metals?

Answer 48

Soft metals, very reactive, low densities, low boiling point

Question 49

What happens to alkali metals as you go down the group?

Answer 49

They get softer, more reactive

Question 50

How does lithium react with water?

Answer 50

relatively slow reaction, fizzing can be seen and heard

Question 51

How does sodium react with water?

Answer 51

sodium melts, moves about the surface of the water

Question 52

How does potassium react with water?

Answer 52

More violent reaction than sodium, hydrogen burns with a lilac coloured flame, melts into a ball that moves about the surface of the water

Question 53

How do the alkali metals react with oxygen?

Answer 53

(Lithium example) 4Li + O2 = 2Li2O

Question 54

How do the alkali metals react with Chlorine?

Answer 54

(Sodium example) 2Na + Cl2 = 2NaCl

Question 55

How do the alkali metals react with water?

Answer 55

metal + water = metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 56

What is group 7 called?

Answer 56

The Halogens

Question 57

Halogens are _____ molecules

Answer 57

diatomic

Question 58

what are the Halogens appearance at room temperature

Answer 58

Fluorine - yellow gas Chlorine - yellow / green gas - pale green in solution Bromine - red/brown liquid - orange in solution Iodine - purple/black solid - brown in solution

Question 59

What happens to Halogens as you go down the group?

Answer 59

reactivity decreases, boiling point increases,

Question 60

What are the characteristics of metals?

Answer 60

high melting points, high density, shiny, malleable, conductors of electricity / heat, ductile

Question 61

What are some uses of transition metals?

Answer 61

catalysts, dyes / paints (transition metals form colourful compounds