Unit 1: Biochem - Intro Vocab Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Unit 1: Biochem - Intro Vocab Deck (28)
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1
Q

Compound

A

Two or more different elements chemically bonded together

2
Q

Molecule

A

Two of the same elements bonded together

3
Q

Isotope

A

Two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons

4
Q

Ion

A

Charged atom / group of electrons (charge from gain/loss of e-)

5
Q

Some cations

A

NH4+, NA+, K+, H+

6
Q

Some Anions

A

NO3, NO2, OH-, CO3^2-, HCO3-, PO4^3-, SO4^3-

7
Q

Chemical bonds are

A

Formed between opposite charges attracting

8
Q

Stable bonds/Unstable Bonds

A
  • Low energy state, not likely to break

- High energy state, more likely to break

9
Q

Ionic Bonds

A
  • metal loses electrons to become a positively charged cation
  • nonmetal accepts those electrons to become a negatively charged anion.
  • Dissolve in water
  • Polar
10
Q

Covalent bonds

A

E- are shared equally between atoms, non-polar

11
Q

Polar MOLECULES

A
  • Entire shape is asymmetric
  • One part +, other -
  • Unequal sharing creates electronegativity
  • Dissolve other polar substances, non polars are not attracted
12
Q

Bonds That are always Polar

A
S-H
N-H
H-CL
O-H
O-C
N-C
13
Q

Bonds that are never polar

A

C-H, anything to itself

14
Q

Intermolecular “bonds” forces (IMFS)

A
  • Distant dependent interactions between molecules/atoms
  • London dispersion forces (LDF) or Van Der Waal’s
  • Charge-Charge bond
  • Weak, strong in large numbers
  • More common in large molecules
15
Q

Dipole-Dipole bonds

A
  • Attraction between polar molecules, forming polar bonds

Ex: Hydrogen Bonds

16
Q

Hydrogen Bonds

A
  • H covalently bonds to electronegative O on another molecule
  • O pulls electrons toward itself
17
Q

To dissolve

A

When the solvent completely surrounds the solute

18
Q

Molarity

A

Molarity is the concentration of a solution
number moles of solute per litre of solution
M=moles/Litre

19
Q

Moles

A

Grams/Molar mass

20
Q

pH

A
  • Measures concentration of H+

Acidic, Basic, Neutral

21
Q

Basic

A

The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic. A pH greater than 7 is basic.

22
Q

Buffer

A

Substance that maintains particular pH

Adds and reduces H+

23
Q

Temperature/Heat

A

Average kinetic energy/Total kinetic energy

24
Q

Specific heat

A

Amount of energy needed to raise temp of 1g of substance by 1C

25
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

Molecules made of C + H (high energy, unstable)

26
Q

All monomers/origamers/Polymers are formed by

A

dehydration synthesis

  • One monomer releases -OH (hydroxyl group), other releases -H
  • Covalent bond
  • Endergonic/Anabolic
27
Q

Catabolic reaction/Anabolic

Endergonic/Exergonic

A

Catabolic - Breaking
Anabolic - Builds
Endergonic - Requires Energy
Exergonic - Releases energy

28
Q

Hydrolysis

A
  • Polymers - Monomers
  • Bond between polymers is broken, -OH added to one, -H to the other
  • Exergonic/Catabolic