Unit 1 biology

Question 1

A eukaryotic cell is?

Answer 1

A cell with a nucleus

Question 2

A prokaryotic cell is?

Answer 2

A cell with no nucleus

Question 3

The first person to describe cells was?

Answer 3

Robert Hooke

Question 4

Electron microscopes have?

Answer 4

A high magnification

Question 5

The resolution is?

Answer 5

Distinguishing between 2 objects close together

Question 6

Calculate the magnification if image size = 50mm and actual size = 400um

Answer 6

• x125

- 125x

Question 7

Calculate the magnification if image size = 250mm and actual size = 100um

Answer 7

• x2500

- 2500x

Question 8

Calculate the image size if the actual size = 25um and magnification = x400

Answer 8

10000um

Question 9

What is the role of the Nucleolus?

Answer 9

Makes ribosomes

Question 10

What is the role of the Lysosomes?

Answer 10

Breaks down waste materials

Question 11

If bacteria appear pink under the microscope after gram staining, they are…?

Answer 11

Gram negative

Question 12

Palisade mesophyll cells contain lots of?

Answer 12

Chloroplasts

Question 13

Sperm cells have this in their head to pierce the egg cell

Answer 13

Acrosome

Question 14

The outer protective layer of the egg cell is known as the?

Answer 14

Zona pelluccida

Question 15

Endothelial tissue is found in the?

Answer 15

Blood vessels

Question 16

Atheromas can be formed in?

Answer 16

Endothelial tissue

Question 17

What is Acetylcholinesterase

Answer 17

A type of enzyme that breaks down neurotransmitters

Question 18

What is a Eukaryotic cell?

Answer 18

• A multicellular organism
• It contains a nucleus
• It is found in humans and is bigger than prokaryotic cells
• It is also complex

Question 19

What is a Prokaryotic cell?

Answer 19

• A single cell organism
• It doesn’t contain a nucleus
• It is found in animals mainly and is smaller than Eukaryotic cells
• It isn’t that complex

Question 20

How can atherosclerosis develop?

Answer 20

Fatty deposits build up in the arteries

Question 21

What are cilia

Answer 21

They are small hairs on the columnar epithelial tissue which sweep away dust

Question 22

Name the ribosome found in bacteria?

Answer 22

• 70s

- 80s

Question 23

How does the ultra structure of a bacterium capsule prevent dehydration?

Answer 23

It selectively stops water from leaving the capsule.

Question 24

What damage can smoking cause

Answer 24

Damage to the squamous epithelial tissue

Question 25

What is the function of the neutrophil cell

Answer 25

Immune response

Question 26

What is gram staining

Answer 26

To identify bacteria as gram negative or positive

Question 27

What is the role of the plasmodesmata

Answer 27

Enables transport and communication between plant cells

Question 28

Function of the Golgi apparatus

Answer 28

To modify and package proteins and send them to specific destinations

Question 29

Red blood cells are adapted by?

Answer 29

Having bioconcaves to increase their surface area and they have no nucleus which helps haemoglobin

Question 30

When and by how was the first cell discovered by?

Answer 30

Robert Hooke in 1665

Question 31

Name the 5 SI units

Answer 31

- Metre - Centimetre - Millimetre - Micrometre - Nanometre

Question 32

What is in the mitochondria

Answer 32

A matrix A Cristae And an outer membrane

Question 33

What is in the nucleus

Answer 33

Nuclear envolope Nucleolus Nucleus pores Chromosomes

Question 34

The chloroplast envelope contains?

Answer 34

Grana which are stacks of disks and are connected by intergranal thylathoids

Question 35

What is a nucleoid

Answer 35

Has DNA and controls the information of the cell

Question 36

Plasmamembrane

Answer 36

Controls if anything enters or exits the cell

Question 37

Capsule

Answer 37

Contains the cell itself and provides strength

Question 38

Cell wall

Answer 38

Gives strength and maintains stability of the stucture

Question 39

Flagella

Answer 39

Allows the cells to swim

Question 40

Pilus

Answer 40

Attaches itself to another cell probably a body cell

Question 41

Ribosome

Answer 41

They make protein within the cells

Question 42

Cytoplasm

Answer 42

Contains enzymes and is the site of reactions

Question 43

4 words to help remember the order for gram staining

Answer 43

``` Come -crystal violet In -iodine And -alcohol Stain -safranin ```

Question 44

What are long bones

Answer 44

- They are hard and dense | - They provide structure support and mobility

Question 45

What are short bones?

Answer 45

- They are as wide as they are long | - They support and stabilise but with little or no movement

Question 46

What are flat bones?

Answer 46

- They provide protection of surfaces | - They are found in flat plates

Question 47

What are Irregular bones?

Answer 47

- protection of nervous tissue | - provides support

Question 48

What are sesamoid bones?

Answer 48

- small and round | - related to joint structures

Question 49

Globlet cells?

Answer 49

They help to protect the lungs by producing mucus and attaching or trapping pathogens that are attacking the body

Question 50

The order of the organ system

Answer 50

- Cells - Tissue - Organ - System

Question 51

What is the role of the cytoplasm?

Answer 51

Reactions take place

Question 52

What is the role of the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 52

Packages proteins

Question 53

What is the role of the Nucleolus?

Answer 53

Makes ribosomes

Question 54

What is the role of the Centrioles?

Answer 54

Form spindle fibres

Question 55

What is the role of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 55

Synthesises lipids and carbohydrates

Question 56

What is the role of the Lysosomes?

Answer 56

Breaks down waste materials

Question 57

If bacteria appear pink under the microscope after gram staining, they are?

Answer 57

Gram negative

Question 58

Atheromas can be formed in?

Answer 58

Endothelial tissue

Question 59

During muscle contraction, the A band?

Answer 59

Stays the same length

Question 60

During muscle contraction, the H zone?

Answer 60

Gets shorter

Question 61

During muscle contraction, the I band?

Answer 61

Gets shorter

Question 62

What is the membrane potential when a neuron is resting?

Answer 62

-70

Question 63

What is the membrane potential when a neuron reaches an action potential?

Answer 63

-30

Question 64

What happens during depolarisation?

Answer 64

Sodium channels open to allow sodium in

Question 65

What happens during repolarisation?

Answer 65

Potassium channels open to allow potassium out

Question 66

What is the refractory period?

Answer 66

Membrane potential does not reach an action potential

Question 67

End of the synapse?

Answer 67

Postsynaptic knob