Unit 1 Biology Glossary Flashcards
(25 cards)
Cell
The smallest unit that can perform functions of life
Microscopy
The science of using microscopes to view samples or objects
Nucleus
The organelle that controls the cells activities
Organelle
A specialized structure in a cell
Micrograph
A photograph taken with a microscope
Cytoplasm
The cytosol and organelles contained by the membrane
Chromosome
In a cell nucleus, a thread like structure made mostly of DNA
DNA
Material found in the cell nucleus that contains genetic information
Gene
A segment of DNA that controls protein production
DNA Screening
The process of testing individuals to determine whether they have the gene or genes associated with certain disorders
Transgenic Organism
An organism whose genetic information has been altered with the insertion of genes from another species
Mutation
A change in the DNA of an organism
Mutagen
A substance of factor that can cause a mutation in DNA
Cell specialization
The process by which cells develop from similar cells into cells that have specific functions within a multicellular organism
Cell differentiation
A stage of development of a living organism during which specialized cells form
Transpiration
The evaporation of water from leaves
Gall
An abnormal growth of plant tissue created by insects or micro-organisms
Tissue
A cluster of similar cells that share the same specialized structure and function
Organ
A combination of several types of tissue working together to perform a specific function
Meristematic Cell
An unspecialized cell from a plant that gives rise to a specific specialized cell
System
In bio, system refers to a group of tissues and organs that perform a specific function
Root system
An organ stem in a plant which takes in water and minerals from the soil and transports these substances to the shoot system
Shoot system
An organ system in a plant, performs photosynthesis and transports sap
Stem cell
An unspecialized cell that can produce various specialized cells that can produce various specialized cells
