unit 1 biology long answer topics Flashcards
Heath and safety in the laboratory
- hazards
- risk
- control measures
Liquids and solutions
- linear and log dilutions
- standard curve
- buffers
- colorimetry
Separation techniques
- centrifuge
- paper and thin layer chromatography
- affinity chromatography
- gel electrophoresis
- isoelectric points
Detecting proteins using antibodies
- immunoassay techniques
- western-blotting
Microscopy
- bright-field microscopy
- fluorescent microscopy
Aseptic technique and cell culture
- aseptic technique
- microbial culture
- growth factors
- primary/tumour cell lines
- colony count
- haemocytometer
- vital staining
The proteome
- proteome
- non-coding RNA genes
- factors affecting genes expressed
The synthesis and transport of proteins - intracellular membranes
- internal membranes of eukaryotes
- the endoplasmic reticulum
- the Golgi apparatus
- lysosomes
- vesicles
The synthesis and transport of proteins - synthesis of membrane components
- lipids and proteins
- cytosolic proteins
- signal sequence
The synthesis and transport of proteins - movement of proteins between membranes
- transport from ER to golgi apparatus
- post-translational modification
- vesicle transportation
The synthesis and transport of proteins - the secretory pathway
- secreted proteins
- secretory vesicles
- move to plasma membrane
- proteolytic cleavage
Protein structure, ligand binding and conformational change - amino acid sequence determines protein structure
- polymers
- primary structure
- amino acid structure
- secondary structure
- tertiary structure
- quaternary structure
- prosthetic groups
- haemoglobin
- temperature and pH on R groups
Protein structure, ligand binding and conformational change - ligand binding changes the conformation of a protein
- ligands
- binding sites
- allosteric activity and quaternary structure
- cooperativity and haemoglobin
- modulators
- temperature and pH on haemoglobin
Protein structure, ligand binding and conformational change - reversible binding of phosphate and the control of conformation
- addition/removal of phosphate cause reversible conformational change
- protein kinases
- adding phosphate adds negative charge
Movement of molecules across membranes
- hydrophobic R groups and integral membrane proteins
- transmembrane proteins
- peripheral membrane proteins
- barrier of phospholipid bilayer
- (facilitated) diffusion
- channel and transporter proteins
- ligand/voltage gated
- active transport and ATPases
