unit 1- bushong chapter 7

Question 1

what is the target material use in x-rays?

Answer 1

tungsten

Question 2

x-rays are produced how?

Answer 2

interaction between electrons & the target

Question 3

what are incoming electrons called?

Answer 3

incident electrons

Question 4

the incedent electron travel in what direction?

Answer 4

from cathode striking the anode

Question 5

what are the name of the two x-rays produced?

Answer 5

bremsstrahlung & characteristic

Question 6

most of the interaction between lectrons and the anode is what?

Answer 6

heat

Question 7

heat is produced through the excitation of which electrons?

Answer 7

outer shell

Question 8

what two things doesnot happen in heat production?

Answer 8

the electron is not removed & the atom is not ionized

Question 9

the outer shell electrons are raised to a higher energy state then returns back to normal releasing what kind of radiation (heat)?

Answer 9

infrared

Question 10

what percentage of incident electrons are converted to heat?

Answer 10

99%

Question 11

as energy icreases, efficiency does what?

Answer 11

increases

Question 12

what is the formula for kinetic energy?

Answer 12

1/2mv2

Question 13

what determines kinetic energy?

Answer 13

mass & velocity

Question 14

how can we control velocity?

Answer 14

by changing kVp

Question 15

what is Brems radiation called?

Answer 15

breaking radiation

Question 16

for brems, the incident electron interact with what?

Answer 16

the electric field of the nucleus

Question 17

when is the x-ray produced in a brems?

Answer 17

when the electron reaches the electric field of the nucleus, slows down & changed directions

Question 18

brems production can occur at any energy up to the max what?

Answer 18

kVp

Question 19

emissions are exactly the difference in the electrons what?

Answer 19

entering & exiting energy

Question 20

in characteristic radiation, incident electron interacts with what? knocking an electron out of orbit.

Answer 20

inner shell - K shell

Question 21

when an electron is knocked off the inner shell, what happens?

Answer 21

a hole is created on the K-shell so an electron from another shell will drop down to fill that hole

Question 22

when is the character x-ray produced?

Answer 22

when the electron moves from shell to shell

Question 23

what KeV is character x-rays produced at?

Answer 23

69, 69.5, 70

Question 24

can other shells produce character x-rays?

Answer 24

yes but their energies are so low theu are of no diagnostic valve

Question 25

what does spectrum refer to?

Answer 25

the range of energies produced

Question 26

name the two spectrums

Answer 26

continuous & discrete

Question 27

continuous refers to what?

Answer 27

curved portion of brems x-rays

Question 28

discrete refers to what?

Answer 28

the straight vertical line at 70kV referring to the characteristic x-rays

Question 29

what 5 things affect the emission spectrum?

Answer 29

mA, kVp, filtration, target material, and voltage waveform