(Unit 1) Chapter 1 - People and Government

Question 1

state

Answer 1

A political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized government with the power to make and enforce laws without approval from any higher authority

Question 2

nation

Answer 2

A group of people who share the same race, language, customs, and, sometimes, religion

Question 3

nation-state

Answer 3

A country in which the territory of both the nation and the state coincide

Question 4

consensus

Answer 4

An agreement about basic beliefs

Question 5

sovereignty

Answer 5

The supreme and absolute authority within territorial boundaries

Question 6

government

Answer 6

The institution through which the state maintains social order, provides public services, and enforces binding decisions on citizens

Question 7

social contract

Answer 7

The theory that people surrender to the state the power needed to maintain order, and the state, in turn, agrees to protects its citizens

Question 8

unitary system

Answer 8

A government that gives all key powers to the national or central government

Question 9

federal system

Answer 9

A government that divides the powers of government between the national government and state or provincial governments

Question 10

confederacy

Answer 10

A loose union of independent states

Question 11

constitution

Answer 11

A plan that provides the rules for government

Question 12

constitutional government

Answer 12

A government in which a constitution has authority to place clearly recognized limited on the power of those who govern

Question 13

preamble

Answer 13

A statement in the constitution that sets forth the goals and purposes of government

Question 14

constitutional law

Answer 14

Law that involves the interpretation and application of the U.S. Constitution and state constitutions

Question 15

politics

Answer 15

The effort to control or influence the conduct and policies of government

Question 16

industrialized nation

Answer 16

A nation with large industries and advanced technology that provides a more comfortable way of life than developing nations

Question 17

developing nation

Answer 17

A nation only beginning to grow industrially

Question 18

autocracy

Answer 18

A system of government in which the power to rule is in the hands of a single individual

Question 19

monarchy

Answer 19

An autocracy in which a king, queen, or emperor exercises the supreme powers of government

Question 20

oligarchy

Answer 20

A system of government in which a small group holds power

Question 21

democracy

Answer 21

A government in which the people rule

Question 22

republic

Answer 22

A government in which voters hold sovereign power; elected representatives, responsible to the people, exercise that power

Question 23

political party

Answer 23

A group of individuals with broad common interests who organize to nominate candidates for office, win elections, conduct government, and determine public policy

Question 24

free enterprise

Answer 24

A system in which individuals have the opportunity to make their own economic decisions

Question 25

economics

Answer 25

The study of human efforts to satisfy seemingly unlimited wants through the use of limited resources

Question 26

captialism

Answer 26

An economic system providing free choice and individual incentive for workers, investors, consumers, and business enterprises

Question 27

free market

Answer 27

An economic system in which buyers and sellers make free choices in the marketplace

Question 28

laissez-faire

Answer 28

The philosophy that government should keep its hands off the economy

Question 29

socialism

Answer 29

An economic system in which the government owns the basic means of production, distributes products and wages, and provides social services such as health care and welfare

Question 30

bourgeoisie

Answer 30

Capitalists who own the means of production

Question 31

proletariat

Answer 31

workers who provide the labor to produce the goods

Question 32

communism

Answer 32

an economic system in which the central government directs all major economic decisions

Question 33

command economy

Answer 33

an economic system in which the government controls the factors of production