Unit 1 Chapter 15 Flashcards
(20 cards)
If a mutation occurs in one member of a population, does that constitute evolution?
a. Yes. Any change in an individual always results in evolution of the entire population. b. Yes. Mutations always encode for favorable traits. c. No. Mutations always lead to death. d. No. Evolution is a product of change in the population, not in the individual.
d
How would Darwin have determined whether the Patagonian hare from Ecuador and lop-eared rabbits from England were the same species? He would have _____.
a. looked at both types because if they look alike as adults, then they are the same species
b. compared their behaviors to see whether they are the same in different environments
c. bred them to see whether they could produce fertile offspring
seen whether they occupy the same niche within different environments
c
A major trend in evolution is that _________ forms give rise to ___________ ones.
a. larger; smaller
b. smaller; larger
c. simple; more complex
d. more complex; simple
c
What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?
a. A theory is widely supported by scientific evidence; a hypothesis is an educated guess
that can be disproved.
b. A hypothesis cannot be disproved; a theory is an educated guess.
c. A theory is true; a hypothesis is false.
d. A hypothesis is true; a theory is false.
a
In the figure, the forelimbs of the bird, seal, and human are referred to as _____.
a. homologous structures
b. vestigial structures
c. analogous structures
d. convergent structures
a
Homologous structures, such as those of the bird, seal, and human, exhibit __________ evolution, meaning that these animals evolved from a ____________ ancestor.
a. convergent; common
b. divergent; common
c. convergent; different
d. divergent; different
b
The wings of insects and birds are ________ structures and exhibit _________ evolution.
a. homologous; convergent
b. homologous; divergent
c. analogous; convergent
d. analogous; divergent
c
Which of the four postulates of Darwin’s theory of evolution was not well established when On the Origin of Species was first published but is overwhelmingly supported today?
a. Some differences among individuals in a population are due to genetics and are heritable.
b. Individuals in a population differ physically from one another in many ways.
c. Some individuals in a population survive and reproduce better than do other individuals.
d. Individuals with advantageous traits survive longest and have the most offspring.
a
Brightly colored male peacocks and drably colored females show that _____.
a. the females have to be well protected by the males
b. the same agent of natural selection works on both sexes
c. different agents of natural selection work on the two sexes
d. natural selection has influenced only the males, not the females
c
Within a population, the different colors and patterns of eyes are _____.
a. produced in anticipation of environmental forces
b. the results of chance mutations
c. reflections of the colors in the environment
d. created by the environmental effects on the phenotype
b
Which is NOT an example of artificial selection?
a. Golden retriever
b. House cat
c. Weeds in a garden
d. Insect-resistant tomatoes
c
Which of these statements best illustrates the theory of catastrophism?
a. Species become extinct due to natural disasters, such as floods and volcanic eruptions.
b. Only plant species have become extinct.
c. Only extinct species appear in the fossil record.
d. There are no humans in early fossil records because they had not been created yet.
e. The fossil record is incomplete.
a
Modern geologists estimate that the age of Earth is about _______________.
a. 4,500 years.
b. 450,000 years.
c. 4.5 million years.
d. 4.5 billion years.
e. 4.5 trillion years.
d
A postulate is ________________.
a. a statement accepted as true for the purposes of logical argument.
b. a hypothesis.
c. an idea that has been proven through scientific investigation.
d. an educated guess.
e. a set of four statements that confirm that evolution will occur.
a
Which of the following statements about mutations is TRUE?
a. Mutations have no effect on the survival and reproduction of an organism.
b. Mutations are almost always better for the organism.
c. Mutations almost always leave the organism worse off than before.
d. Mutations are caused by natural selection.
e. Mutations occur at random and are by chance.
e
Darwin realized that most species produce many more offspring than is necessary to maintain a constant population. The “excess” individuals in a population
a. migrate to another location.
b. die before they can reproduce.
c. evolve to become new species.
d. mutate and can adapt to new environments.
b
Daisies and daffodils, have flowers that serve as organs of reproduction, leaves that serve as organs of photosynthesis, and xylem and phloem that move water and food throughout the plant. These similarities are best explained by
a. artificial selection.
b. inheritance of acquired characteristics.
c. a common ancestry.
d. uniformitarianism.
e. the “Ladder of Nature.”
c
True or False: Insects and bats both have wings. This proves they evolved from a common ancestor.
a. True
b. False
b
True or False: Pelvic bones in snakes and whales are vestigial structures.
a. True
b. False
a
True or False: Genetic variations in natural populations develop due to random mutations of the DNA.
a. True
b. False
a
