Unit 1 - Characteristics of life

Question 1

What is the order of the levels of organization

Answer 1

subatomic particles
molecules
cells
tissues
organs
organ systems
organisms
populations
communities
ecosystems
biosphere

Question 2

What are the properies of life?

Answer 2

homeostasis
reproduction
energy processing
order
growth
respond and adapt to environment

Question 3

What is the cell theory

Answer 3

all living things are made up of cells
all cells come from pre-existing cells
cells are the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms

Question 4

Characteristics of life viruses dont have

Answer 4

can only reproduce within a host
dont metabolize
dont have cells

Question 5

4 types of microscopes

Answer 5

simple microscope
compound microscope (most common)
stereoscopic microscope
electrom microscope

Question 6

total magnification

Answer 6

ocular lens x objective lens

Question 7

ocular lens

Answer 7

low - 10x
med - 10x
high - 10x

Question 8

objective lens

Answer 8

low - 4x
med - 10x
high - 40x

Question 9

total magnification

Answer 9

low - 40x
med - 100x
high - 400x

Question 10

Field of view

Answer 10

higher the mag, smaller the fov

Question 11

FOV in micrometrers

Answer 11

low - 4500
med - 1800
high - 450

Question 12

calculation #2

Answer 12

FOV/Fit#

Question 13

calculation #3 - drawing scale

Answer 13

DM = drawing size/estimated size
convert image size to um: 1mm = 1000um

Question 14

what are the characteristics of a prokaryote

Answer 14

small
unicellular
no nucleus
circular dna
no membrane bound organelles
bacteria

Question 15

what are characteristics of eukaryotes

Answer 15

larger
multicellular or unicellular
has a nucleus
linear dna
has membrane bound organelles
plants or animals

Question 16

Cell membrane components

Answer 16

phospholipids (hydrophobic polar fatty acid tails and hydrophilic non polar heads)
protein

Question 17

Active transport methods - Low to high concentration

Answer 17

sodium potassium pump (sodium on the outside, potassium on the inside - salty banana)
endocytosis (phagocytosis and pinocytosis)
exocytosis

Question 18

passive transport methods - high to low concentration

Answer 18

diffusion
osmosis
channel proteins (facilitated diffusion)

Question 19

transport protein that provides a tube-like opening in the plasma membrane for particles to diffuse

Answer 19

channel protein

Question 20

transport protein that changes shape when a particle binds with it

Answer 20

carrier protein

Question 21

process when a cell expels wastes from a vacuole

Answer 21

exocytosis

Question 22

process when a cell takes in material by forming a vacuole around it

Answer 22

endocytosis

Question 23

the diffusion of water through a cell membrane

Answer 23

osmosis

Question 24

what is an isotonic solution?

Answer 24

a solution that has equal concentration of solute on both the indside and outside of the cell

Question 25

what is a hypertonic solution

Answer 25

a solution that has a higher concentration of solute on the outside of the cell than the inside

Question 26

what is a hypotonic solution

Answer 26

a solution that has a higher concentration of solute on the inside of the cell than the outside

Question 27

what is a vacuoles purpose

Answer 27

used to transport substances during exocytosis and endocytosis

Question 28

what happens to animal cells vs plant cells when exposed to different solutions?

Answer 28

hypertonic animal cell shrivels up vs. plant cell shrivels up isotonic animal cell stays the same vs. plant cell stays the same hypotonic animal cell bursts vs. plant cell gets full

Question 29

name 2 factors that affect the rate of diffusion

Answer 29

temperature and concentration gradient

Question 30

what is the endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 30

mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as individual cells, but began to join with lager cells and ended up benefitting off of one another and became an organelle - once prokaryotic cells/bacteria turned eukaryotes

Question 31

what evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 31

mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own dna structures seperate to that of the nucleus, and mitochondrial dna is passed down from mother to child

Question 32

what is special about archaea?

Answer 32

they can survive in harsh conditions

Question 33

where do plants breathe from? co2 in, o2 out

Answer 33

stomata, underside of the leaf

Question 34

which 2 reactions occur during photosynthesis?

Answer 34

light reaction and light independant reaction

Question 35

where does the light reaction occur?

Answer 35

in the thylakoids

Question 36

what happens during the light reaction?

Answer 36

photo system 2 before photo system 1 h2o, o2, and h go through the electron transport chain ADP becomes ATP NADP+ becomes NADPH light collected and water split

Question 37

where does the light independant reaction occur?

Answer 37

stomata

Question 38

what happens during the light independant reaction?

Answer 38

phase 1: carbon fixation phase 2: reduction (6 ATP + 6 NADPH --> 6 ADP + 6 Pi + 6 NADP + 6 H+) Phase 3: regeneration of the carbon acceptor molecule (ruBP)

Question 39

what is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 39

6CO2 + 6H20 --> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2

Question 40

what is cellular respiration?

Answer 40

the process when a cell breaks down sugar or other organic organic compounds to release energy - can be anaerobic or aerobic

Question 41

what is the chemical equation for cellular respiration

Answer 41

C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H20 + ATP

Question 42

what is glycolysis?

Answer 42

first stage, inside cytoplasm (outside mitochondria) glucose broken down into 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH NADH - electroc carrier (h can pop off)

Question 43

what is the intermediate step?

Answer 43

pyruvate move to mitochondria pyruvate is oxydized pyruvate converted into acetyl coA