- Italian; leans on idealistic naturalism - Northern: naturalism for everyday life - Geometric perspective

- Build the church of san lorenzo - Dome on florence cathedral

- Believed in education - In Praise of Folly

- Known for shading - the return of the prodigal son

- Printing Press - Spread writing easier - Gutenberg Bible (1456)

- Opposed Protestant Reformation - Became head of the Church

- Pope allowed to collect income from French Church - France could appoint Church leaders

Unit 1 dates Flashcards by Abby Barajas

Italian Renaissance

1405-1648

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Petrarch

-Humanism
-Inspired by Cicero

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Individualism

Focuses on the success of the individual

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Philology

Study of history and development of languages

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Secularism

Separation of of state from religious affairs

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Baldassare Castiglione

Wrote The Courtier (How to be a gentleman basically)

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Leonardo Bruni

Thought the republicanism of ancient Rome was the best form of government

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Niccolo Machiavelli

Wrote The Prince: Basically a ruler is supposed to maintain power at all costs)

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Art styles

Italian; leans on idealistic naturalism
Northern: naturalism for everyday life
Geometric perspective

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Michelangelo

‘David’ sculpture

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Raphael

School of Athens

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Filippo Brunelleschi

Build the church of san lorenzo
Dome on florence cathedral

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Christian humanism

-Humanist thoughts+scriptural authority

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Desiderius Erasmus

Believed in education
In Praise of Folly

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Peter Bruegel The Elder

The peasant wedding

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Rembrandt

Known for shading
the return of the prodigal son

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Johannes Gutenberg

Printing Press
Spread writing easier
Gutenberg Bible (1456)

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Treason Act

Made it where the punishment to not acknowledging the church of England as the state religion was death.

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Elizabeth I

Steered England back to Anglicanism. Everyone had to attend the church of England.
Had to attend church or you were fined.

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“Bloody Mary”

Attempted to restore Catholicism to England and killed many people.

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Henry VIII

Opposed Protestant Reformation
Became head of the Church

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Ferdinand and Isabella

Began unification of Spain
Reconqueita: Got rid of Jews and Muslims

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Concordat of Bolgna

Pope allowed to collect income from French Church
France could appoint Church leaders

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Peace of Augsberg

1555
Right to decide religion of the subjects

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Peace of Augsberg

- 1555 - Right to decide religion of the subjects

Medici family & Fugger family

- Owned largest banks in France

Effects of banking

- Increased political power

Effects of banking

- Increased political power

Reasons for exploration

Gold, God, and Glory

Jesuits

"Society of Jesus"

Bartolome De Las Casas

Fought for dignity of people in America.

Mercantilism

- Argued that there was only a certain amount of wealth in the world.

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

Believed a country's wealth should serve the state

Inventions for exploration

- More detailed maps - Lateen sails - Compass - Caravel - Astrolabe

Treaty of Tordesillas

1494 by Pope Alexander VI Divided America by Line of Demarcation: Spain to the left, Portugal to right

Colombian Exchange

Global exchange of mostly everything in the new world and old world

Smallpox

A lot died because not everyone had a natural immunity

African slave trade

shipped across Atlantic to work for europeans

Protestant Reformation

1450-1648 Split of church

SImony

Buying and selling of church offices

Nepotism

Appoitment of family and friends to church offices

Martin Luther

- Salvation was through one's self - 95 theses: Called church corrupt

Diet of Worm

Trial to try to make Martin Luther take back what he said

John Calvin

- Predestination - Doctrine of Elect: Someone who did good i he one who was born with salvation

Anabaptists

Only adults could be baptists and infants could not

Hugenots

People who embraced protestantism

Massacre of Vassy

Killing of Hugenots by the bourbon family in 1516

St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre

Catherine de Midici killed a lot of Hugenots again

War of Three Henry's

- Henry III: Catholic, supported by Catherine e Medici - Henry of Navarre: Hugenot, leader of bourbon family - Henry of Guise: Catholic, wanted only Catholics to rule France

Edict of Nanes

Huegenots could worship freely

Thirty Years' War

Peace of Augsburg

- 1555 - Individual rulers could decided their people's religion.

Defenestration of prague

- Protestants were angry Ferdinand broke peace of augsburg so they threw one of his officials out the window - Started 30 years war

Thirty years war phases

- Bohemian phase (1618-1625) - Danish phase (1625-1630) - King of denmark attacked catholics - Swedish phase (1630-1635) - French phase (1635-1648)

Gustavus Aldophus

Led a lot of victories for protestants

Peace of Westphalia

- 1648 - End of all of Europe's religious wars

Roman inquisition

- Pope paul III - Could arrest and execute heretics

Council of Trent

- 1545-1563 - Meant to reform catholic church and forge reconciliation

Carmelite order

- Saint theresa of avilia - Emphasized asceticism and poverty

Jesuits

- Founded by ignatius of loyola for spiritual renewal

Querelle De Femmes

- "The Women Question" - Debate over whther woman could get an education

Mannerism

- Distorted figures - Vibrant colors

Baroque

- Detailed, emotional and dramatic

Peter Paul Rubens

Baroque artists

Louis XIV

- Wanted all power - "I am the state"