Unit 1 - Definitions, Standards, & Guidelines

Question 1

What is nutritional genomics?

Answer 1

The science of how nutrients affect the activities of genes and vice versa

Question 2

What is another name for nutritional genomics?

Answer 2

Nutrigenomics

Question 3

What is wellness?

Answer 3

Optimal physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, & social health

Question 4

What are functional foods?

Answer 4

Foods that provide health benefits beyond their nutritional contributions

Question 5

What are 4 examples of functional foods?

Answer 5

1) Whole foods
2) Orange juice fortified with calcium
3) Bread enriched with folate
4) Margarine enhanced with plant sterol

Question 6

What are nutrients?

Answer 6

Substances that support the growth, maintenance, & repair of the body’s tissues

Question 7

What are the 6 classes of nutrients?

Answer 7

Carbs, fat, protein, vitamins, minerals, and water

Question 8

What are the 2 subgroups of nutrients?

Answer 8

1) Energy providing - carbs, fat, protein

2) Other nutrients - water, vitamins, minerals

Question 9

What are essential nutrients?

Answer 9

Nutrients a person must obtain from food because the body cannot make them for itself in sufficient quantities to meet physiological needs

Question 10

What is a calorie?

Answer 10

A unit in which energy is measured

Question 11

How many calories of energy does each gram of a carb yield?

Answer 11

4

Question 12

How many calories of energy does each gram of a protein yield?

Answer 12

4

Question 13

How many calories of energy does each gram of a fat yield?

Answer 13

9

Question 14

How many calories of energy does each gram of alcohol yield?

Answer 14

7

Question 15

Is alcohol a nutrient?

Answer 15

No, because it can’t support the body’s growth, maintenance, or repair

Question 16

What does RDA stand for?

Answer 16

Recommended dietary allowance

Question 17

What is an RDA?

Answer 17

A guideline for how much of a particular nutrient an individual should consume

Question 18

___ is the foundation of the DRI

Answer 18

RDA’s

Question 19

What does DRI stand for?

Answer 19

Dietary reference intake

Question 20

What does EAR stand for?

Answer 20

Estimated average requirements

Question 21

What is an EAR?

Answer 21

Intake goals for given stages of life and gender groups

Question 22

What are RDA’s based on?

Answer 22

EARs

Question 23

What does AI stand for?

Answer 23

Adequate intakes

Question 24

What are AIs?

Answer 24

Goals for individuals when insufficient scientific data exists to set an RDA

Question 25

What does UL stand for?

Answer 25

Tolerable upper intake limits

Question 26

What is a UL?

Answer 26

The maximum amount of a nutrient that is safe

Question 27

What does the absence of a UL mean?

Answer 27

There is insufficient data to set a value

Question 28

What does AMDR stand for?

Answer 28

Acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges

Question 29

What are AMDRs?

Answer 29

Ranges of recommended intake for carbohydrates, fat, and protein, expressed as % of total daily calorie intake

Question 30

What is the AMDR for carbs?

Answer 30

45-65%

Question 31

What is the AMDR for fat?

Answer 31

20-35%

Question 32

What is the AMDR for protein?

Answer 32

10-35%

Question 33

Why were DRIs created?

Answer 33

As a guideline for the average person

Question 34

What is overnutrition?

Answer 34

Overconsumption of food energy or nutrients sufficient to cause disease or increased susceptibility to disease

Question 35

What is undernutrition?

Answer 35

Underconsumption of food energy or nutrients severe enough to cause disease or increased susceptibility to disease

Question 36

Overnutrition and undernutrition are forms of ______

Answer 36

Malnutrition

Question 37

What are the 5 characteristics of a healthy diet?

Answer 37

1) Adequacy 2) Balance 3) Calorie control 4) Moderation 5) Variety

Question 38

What must a nutrition facts table include?

Answer 38

- Serving size - Calories - % daily value

Question 39

What are the 13 core nutrients on a food label?

Answer 39

- Fats - Saturated and trans fat - Cholesterol - Sodium - Carbohydrates - Fibre - Sugar - Protein - Vitamin A - Vitamin C - Calcium - Iron

Question 40

What does free/no/without mean on a food label?

Answer 40

The food provides an amount of a nutrient that is so small it likely won't have any effect on the body

Question 41

What does little/low/few mean on a food label?

Answer 41

The food provides a very small amount of the nutrient

Question 42

What does reduced/less/lower mean on a food label?

Answer 42

Food is processed/modified so that it contains at least 25% less of the nutrient when compared to a similar product

Question 43

What does lightly mean on a food label?

Answer 43

Food provides at least 50% less added sodium that the food to which it is compared

Question 44

What does no added mean on a food label?

Answer 44

Food has none of the nutrient added to it

Question 45

What does source contains mean on a food label?

Answer 45

Food provides a significant amount of the nutrient

Question 46

What does more/higher mean on a food label?

Answer 46

At least 25% more of a nutrient compared with a similar product

Question 47

What does good source of mean on a food label?

Answer 47

At least 15% of the recommended daily intake

Question 48

What does high in mean on a food label?

Answer 48

The food contains at least 4g of fibre

Question 49

What does excellent source/very high in mean on a food label?

Answer 49

Food provides a very large amount of the nutrient

Question 50

What does light mean on a food label?

Answer 50

Food is processed/modified so that it contains at least 25% less of the nutrient when compared to a similar product

Question 51

What does lean mean on a food label?

Answer 51

Contains 10% or less fat

Question 52

What does extra lean mean on a food label?

Answer 52

Contains 7.5% or less of fat

Question 53

What are the 2 types of nutrition claims?

Answer 53

1) Nutrient content claims | 2) Health claims

Question 54

What are 2 examples of health claims?

Answer 54

1) A diet rich in fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk of cancer 2) General health claims - healthy choice (not regulated by the gov't)