Unit 1- Diversity

Question 1

Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 1

Cells with a nucleus and numerous membrane-bound organelles.

Examples: Kingdom Protista, Kingdom Plantae, Kingdom Fungi and Kingdom Animilia.

Question 2

What is a Capsid?

Answer 2

The outer protein layer that surrounds the genetic material of a virus.

Question 3

What is a Pathogen?

Answer 3

A microorganism that causes disease.

Example: bacterium or virus.

Question 4

Dichotomous Key

Answer 4

Identification tool consisting of 2 part choices that lead to the correct identification.

Example: 1. A. It’s furry (go to 4)
B. It’s slimy (go to 5)

Question 5

Prokaryotic Cell

Answer 5

Cells with no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles.

Examples: Kingdom Bacteria and Kingdom Archaea.

Question 6

Antibiotic

Answer 6

A medicine that can destroy or slow the growth of a bacteria.

Question 7

What is a Virus?

Answer 7

A non-living thing, since they cannot produce outside of a host cell. They are not cellular and cannot make enzymes or ATP.

Question 8

Coccus, Baccillus & Spirillium

Answer 8

Morphology of Microorganisms.
Coccus (pl. cocci) spherical
Baccillus (pl. baccilli) rod-like
Spirillium (pl. spirilli) spiral-like

Question 9

Diplo, Staphylo, Strepto.

Answer 9

Diplo: pairs of Microorganisms
Staphylo: clusters of Microorganisms
Strepto: chains of Microorganisms

Question 10

Taxonomy

Answer 10

The branch of biology that identifies, names, and classifies species based on natural features.

This prevents confusion, shows relationships, reconstructs phylogenies, accurate naming etc.

Question 11

Taxton (definition and levels)

Answer 11

The particular classification of an organism.

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Question 12

Bionomical Nomenclature

Answer 12

Giving a two word Latin name to each species to help clearly identify it.
Whole name is underlined
First word: genus (capitalized)
Second word: species (uncapitalized)

Question 13

Phylogeny

Answer 13

The evolutionary history of a species.

Question 14

Bacteriophage

Answer 14

A virus that infects and replicates within bacterium.

Question 15

Endosymbiosis

Answer 15

Theory that explains how eukaryotic cells evolved from symbiotic relationships between 2 or more prokaryotic cells.

Question 16

Binary Fission

Answer 16

The asexual form of reproduction used by most prokaryotic (and some eukaryote organelles) in which the cell divides into two genetically identical cells (or organelles).

Question 17

Conjugation

Answer 17

The transfer of bacterial DNA directly from one bacterium to another via the pilus.

Question 18

Pilus

Answer 18

Hair-like appendage found on the surface of many bacteria.

Question 19

Plasmid

Answer 19

A circular molecule of DNA that is commonly found in bacteria.

Question 20

Endospores

Answer 20

A dormant bacterial cell able to survive for long periods during extreme conditions.
Resistant to heat, acids, lower nutrient levels, drying out, radiation.

Question 21

Hyphae

Answer 21

A multicellular, thread-like filament that makes up the basic structural unit of a fungus.

Question 22

Mycelium

Answer 22

A complex, net-like mass made of branching hyphae.

Question 23

Septum (pl. septa)

Answer 23

A partition that forms to separate the original chromosome and its copy. (In binary fission in prokaryotic cells)

Question 24

Vascular Plants

Answer 24

Plants that have vascular tissue that specialize for transporting substances; 2 types are xylem and phloem.

Question 25

Bilateral Symmetry vs. Radial Symmetry

Answer 25

Bilateral: body can be divided along 1 plane into 2 equal halves. Radial: body can be divided in any plane, along central axis, into roughly equal halves.

Question 26

Mycorrhiza (and symbiotic relationship)

Answer 26

A fungus that grows on the roots of plants and has a symbiotic relationship (2 organisms live off of and help each other).

Question 27

Lyctic Cycle & Lysogenic Cycle

Answer 27

Lyctic: replication of viruses; DNA uses copying machinery of the host cell. Lysogenic: replication of viruses; viral DNA enters the host cells chromosomes.

Question 28

Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs

Answer 28

Auto: make their own food. Hetero: obtain food from environment.

Question 29

Asexual vs. Sexual Reprodection

Answer 29

Asexual: production of offspring from a single parent, identical DNA to parent. Sexual: production of offspring from 2 sex cells- one from each parent, not identical DNA to either.

Question 30

Six Kingdoms

Answer 30

Bacteria, Archaea (prokaryotic, asexual) Plantae, Fungus, Protista, Animilia (eukaryotic, sexual)

Question 31

What is a Superbug?

Answer 31

A strain of bacteria that is resistant to a particular antibiotic.