Unit 1: Diversity of Living Things Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
Biodiversity
A
The number and variety of species and ecosystems on earth
2
Q
Species
A
all organisms capable of breeding Freely with each other under Natural Conditions
3
Q
Hybridization
A
the cross breeding of 2 Different Species
4
Q
Morphology
A
the Physical Appearance and Characteristics of an Organism
5
Q
Evolutionary Change
A
a change that occurs in an entire population, this usually occurs over Time, Space and Generations
6
Q
Genetic Diversity
A
The genetic variability among organism
7
Q
Heterotroph
A
an organism that obtains energy rich nutrients by consuming living or dead Organism
8
Q
Auto
A
a organism that uses Sources of energy to Produce nutrients from Water, Gases, and or Minerals
9
Q
Species Diversity
A
A measure of Diversity that looks at the Quantity of Each Species Present, as well as the variety of Different species Present
10
Q
Structural Diversity
A
The Range of Physical Shapes and Sizes within Habitat or Ecosystems
11
Q
Food Supply
A
Relationships between species and their Food
12
Q
Protection
A
Species that depend on others for Shelter and Protection
13
Q
Transportation
A
Species that move from place to place wit the help of Another
14
Q
Reproduction
A
Species that depend o other species for their own successful reproduction
15
Q
Hygiene
A
species help maintain the health of another species
16
Q
Digestion
A
Species livig within digestive tracts which are essential for the digestion of food
17
Q
what are the Affects of Biodiversity being at Risk
A
- threatens or food supply
- eliminates sources of natural medicine and potential new medicides
- has significant economic impact on tourism ad forestry where habitat destruction takes place
- disrupts BiogeoChemical Cycles
18
Q
What causes Habitat Loss
A
- Agriculture
- Forestry
- Urban Expansion
- Invasive Species
- over harvesting
- Serious air and water pollution
- Green house gases
19
Q
Biological Classification
A
a method of organizing organisms into biological Categories based on Physical and Evolution Relationships
20
Q
taxonomy
A
the Science of Classifying all organisms
21
Q
Genus
A
a taxonomic level consisting of a group of Similar
22
Q
Binomial Nomenclature
A
the naming system where the species name is assigned a 2 part unique name
23
Q
Taxon
A
a category used to Classify organisms
24
Q
Kingdom
A
the highest taxonomic level
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Dichotomous Key
a series of 2 part branching statement that identifies organisms
26
Evolution
the scientific theory that describe changes in species over time and their shared ancestory
27
Phylogeny
the Study of the Evolutionary relatedness between and among species
28
Phylogenetic Tree
a diagram depicting the evolutionary relatedness between differet species or groups
29
Clade
a taxonomic group that includes a single common ancestor and all its descendants
30
Prokaryote
a single celled organism that does not contain Membrane bound organelles
31
Eukaryote
any organism whose cells contain organelles, they can be either single or multicellular
32
Domain
the highest taxonomic level
33
How many Domains of life
there are 3
- eubacteria
- Archaea
- Eukaryotes
34
pathogen
a disease causing agent, often a virus or micro organism
35
mutualism
a relationship where 2 species live in close proximity, where each benefits
36
antibiotic
a substance that can kill or weaken micro organisms
37
Plasmid
a small loop of DNA often found in Prokaryotic Cells (this usually contains a small number of genes
38
capsule
an outer layer some bacteria which provides some protection
39
coccus
a round bacterial cell
40
bacillius
rod shaped bacterial cell
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spirillum
a spiral or corkscrew shaped bacterial cell
42
Inorganic Chemical
a chemical that has an abiotic origin ( non living )
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Organic Chemical
a chemical that contains carbon and is produced by Living things
44
Obligate Aerobe
an organism that cannot survive with out Oxygen
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Facultative Aerobe
an organism that can live with or with out oxygen
46
Obligate Anaerobe
an organism that cannot survive with in the presence of oxygen
47
Fermentation
an anaerobic process that releases chemical energy from food
48
Binary Fission
the Division of one parent cell into 2 Genetically identical daughter cells, which is a form of a Sexual Reproduction
49
Conjugation
a form of sexual reproduction in which 2 cells join to exchange genetic information
50
transformation
a process in which a bacterial cell takes in and uses pieces of DNA from its environment
51
horizontal gene transfer
any process where one species gets DNA from a different species (lateral gene Transfer)
52
endospore
a dormant state that forms inside certain bacteria in response to stress, this protects the cells chromosomes from damage
53
Virus
a small infectious particle containing genetic material in the form of DNA of RNA
54
capsid
a protein coat that surrounds the DNA or RNA of a virus
55
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
a nucleic acid found in all cells and some viruses, which usually carries genetic information that provides instructions for synthesising protein
56
Epidemic
a large scale outbreak of disease, usually confined to a limited Geographic Region
57
Pandemic
an epidemic that occurs over a widespread area, which is often global
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Bacteriophage
a virus that infects bacteria
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lysis
The rupturing of a cell, when newly viruses are released from a host cell
60
lysogeny
a state of dormancy in which viral DNA may remain within a host cell's chromosome for many cell cycle generations
61
Transduction
a type of gene transfer in which a virus transfers DNA from one Bacterium to another
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Gene Therapy
a method of treating disease in which genes are introduced into cells to replace, supplement or repair a defective gene
63
Viroid
a very small infectious piece of RNA responsible for some serious disease in Plants
64
Prion
an abnormally shaped infectious protein responsible for some brain diseases of mammals
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Endosymbiosis
a relationship where a single celled organism lives within the cell(s) of another organism
66
Haploid
a cell containing half the usual complement of chromosomes (n)
67
zygote
a cell formed by he fusion of two sex cells (2n)
68
diploid
a cell containing 2 copies of each chromosome (2n)
69
sporophyte
a diploid organism that produces haploid spores in an alternation of generations life cycles
70
Spore
a haploid reproductive structure, which is a single celled organism, this is capable of growing into a new individual
71
Gametophyte
a haploid organism that produces haploid sex cells in an alternation of generations life cycles
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Alternation of Generation
a life cycle in which Diploid individuals produce spores that created haploid individuals
73
Mycelium
a branched mass of hyphae
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Hypha
a thin filament that makes up the body of a fungus
75
Chitin
a complex chemical found in the cell walls of fungi and in the external coverings of insects and crustaceans such as lobsters and crabs
76
dikaryotic
containing 2 separate nuclei
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meiosis
a form of cell division where a single cell gives rise to 4 haploid daughter cells
78
mycorrhiza
a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a plant root
79
Charophytes
the common name for organisms in the order Charophyceae
80
cuticle
a waterproof wax coating produced by the epidermis of most plants
81
stoma
a small opening in the epidermis of a plant that allows gas exchange
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bryophyte
a small seedless plant that lacks vascular Tissue
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antheridium
the specialized structure on a gametophyte that produces sperm
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archegonium
the specialized structure on a gametophyte that produces sperm
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sporangium
the structure in which spores are produced
86
gemma
a small clump of haploid photosynthetic cells produced in little cup shaped structures on the gametophytes plants, which is dispersed by splashes of rain to grow another gametophyte plant
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lignin
an import structural compound found I the vascular tissues, this makes wood strong
88
lycophyte
a seedless vascular plant
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example of a Lycophyte
club Moss
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pterophyte
a seedless vascular plant
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example of Pterophyte
ferns
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Rhizome
a horizontal underground stem
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rhizome
a horizontal underground stem
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Pollen
small structures called "grain" that contain a microscopic haploid male gametophyte
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ovule
a small structure that contains a microscopic haploid female gametophyte
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seed
a plant structure containing an embryo and a food supply, surrounded by a protective outer covering aka the seed coating
97
Gymnosperm
a vascular plant that produces seeds in special structures called cones
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Cones
in plants the reproductive structure of a conifer, which produces pollen or ovules
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Angiosperm
a plant that produces flowers
100
Flowers
the specialized reproductive structure of an Angiosperm , flowers produce pollen and or ovules
101
fruit
the mature ovary(ies) of flowers plants that contain seeds, fruits help to disperse and protect seeds
102
cotyledon
a structure in the seeds of flowering plants that stores nutrients
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Radial Symmetry
symmetry around a Central Axis
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Bilateral Symmetry
symmetry around a midline
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Protostome
an animal with bilateral symmetry, during embryotic development
Mouth before Ass/Anus
106
Deuterostome
an animals with bilateral symmetry, during embryonic development
Ass/Anus Before Mouth
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Vertebrate
an animals with a backbone or notochord
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Notochord
a flexible rod found in some chordates
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invertebrate
an animal that does not have a backbone
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Germ layer
one of three layers that form during early embryonic development in most animals
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coelom
a body cavity present in some animals, contains the animals internal organs
112
amniotic egg
an egg with an outer leathery or hard shell and specialized internal membranes that protect and nourish the embryo
