Unit 1 DNA Flashcards
Gene
The basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA.
Allele
One or more versions of a gene.
Phenotype
Physical expression of a gene.
Genotype
Genetic makeup of an organism.
Homozygous Dominant
AA
Homozygous Recessive
aa
Heterozygous
Aa
Substitution (Point Mutations)
One base is substituted for another.
Deletion (Point Mutations)
One base pair is removed.
Addition (Point Mutations)
One base pair is added.
Deletion (Chromosomal Mutations)
When a segment of DNA is lost. Result in many genes missing from the chromosome.
Duplication (Chromosomal Mutations)
When the DNA bases are repeated resulting in a longer DNA molecule.
Inversion (Chromosomal Mutations)
When a segment of DNA is flipped and then reattatched to the same chromosome.
Insertion (Chromosomal Mutations)
When a segment of DNA from one chromosome is added to another, unrelated chromosome.
Translocation (Chromosomal Mutations)
When a piece of one chromosme breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.
Negative Mutation
Changes the trait in a way that is harmful to the organism.
Positive Mutation
Changes the trait in a way that is beneficial to the organism.
Neutral Mutation
A mutation that is neither beneficial nor harmful to an organism.
Genetic Mutation
A permanent change in the sequence of DNA.
Mutagen
A chemical that when exposed to can cause mutations.
What is the function of DNA?
DNA stores an organism’s gentic information. It controls the production of proteins.
Nucleotide
A molecule made of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate.
What are the 3 parts of DNA?
Nitrogenous base (A, G, C, T/U), Phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar (Deoxyribose).
Codon
A set of 3 nitrogenous bases.
