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Unit 1 PE: Energy Systems > Unit 1 Energy Systems > Flashcards

Unit 1 Energy Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Role of ATP

A
  • 1 adenosine molecule and chain of 3 phosphate molecules bound together by high energy bonds
  • energy is contained in high energy bonds and is released when bond is broken
    -ATP converted to ADP and inorganic phosphate
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2
Q

What provides the energy for muscle contraction

A

The breaking of the high energy bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate releases the energy for muscle contraction

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3
Q

Sources of ATP

A

Found in small amounts in all muscles
ATP v. Dense and only stored in limited amounts
For contraction beyond this time, ATP must be resynthesised

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4
Q

What happens during resynthesis

A

Inorganic phosphate is joined back together with ADP

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5
Q

Factors affecting what food fuel to use

A

Avaliability of fuel
Oxygen avaliability
Rate of ATP resynthesis required

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

3 food fuels

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

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8
Q

CHO food source

A

Pasta, breads

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9
Q

CHO chemical fuel + site

A

Blood= glucose
Muscle= muscle glycogen
Adipose tissue= adipose tissue

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10
Q

CHO energy system

A

Anaerobic and aerobic (glycolysis)

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11
Q

CHO yield

A

Anaerobic-> small
Aerobic-> higher than anaerobic but less than fats

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12
Q

CHO need for 02

A

Low need for 02

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13
Q

Lipids food source

A

Nuts,dairy, oils

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14
Q

Lipids chemical fuel + site

A

Blood: free fatty acids
Muscle: triglycerides
Around the body: adipose tissue

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15
Q

Lipids energy system

A

Aerobic (requires large amounts of o2 to be broken down, lipolysis )

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16
Q

Lipids need for o2

A

High need for o2

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17
Q

Lipids yield

A

High yield

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18
Q

Proteins food source

A

Red meat, lentils

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19
Q

Proteins site

A

Skeletal muscle: muscle
Blood: amino acids

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20
Q

Proteins energy system

A

Only becomes significant in extreme situations e.g starvation

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21
Q

Proteins yield

A

Very high yield

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22
Q

Proteins need for 02

A

Very high need for o2

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23
Q

At rest, contributions of CHO and fats and why

A

CHO= 33%
Fats= 66%

At rest, sufficient o2 avaliable. Fats need large amount of o2 to be broken down t/f used predominantly at rests b.c sufficient o2 available

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24
Q

Sub max contributions of CHO and lipids and why

A

Lipids= 33%
CHO= 66%

As exercise intensity inc, less o2 avaliable to breakdown fats t/f most predominant= CHO as less o2 required to breakdown

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25
Why are fats preferred fuel source of ATP resynthesis
Fats produce greater yield of energy than CHO and is stored in high amounts
26
Fuel of ATP-CP system
CP
27
Fuel AG system
Muscle glycogen
28
Fuel aerobic
CHO, lipids, proteins
29
Rate of ATP resynthesis ATP-CP
Very fast rate
30
Rate of atp resynthesis AG
Fast rate
31
Rate of atp resynthesis- aerobic
Slow rate
32
Intensity CP system
100%
33
Intensity AG system
95%
34
Intensity aerobic
85%
35
Yield CP system
Very small
36
Yield AG system
Small
37
Yield aerobic system
Large
38
By products CP system
None
39
By products AG system
H+ ions
40
By products aerobic
Co2, water, heat
41
Duration CP system
0-10s
42
AG duration
0-20s
43
Aerobic duration
30s+
44
Recovery CP
Passive 50% in 30s 100% in 3-5mins
45
Recovery AG
Active in order to increase o2 to muscles
46
Recovery aerobic
Aerobic b/c often H+ ions present due to use of AG system
47
When does CP contribute most significantly
-high intensity explosive efforts when CP is avaliable
48
When does AG system contribute most significantly
Once CP depletes until sufficient o2 reaches the muscle
49
When does aerobic contribute most significantly
At rest and lower intensity activities that are below 85% intensity
50
When does CP contribute minimally
Once Cp stores are close to depletion
51
When does AG contribute minimally
During lower intensity acrtivities
52
When does aerobic contribute minimally
During high intensity efforts at start of activity
53
Energy system used to resynthesis ATP is determined by
- intensity-> impacts avaliability of sufficient o2 and avaliblity of fuels. MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR - duration-> impacts avaliability of o2 and fuels -amount and type of recovery avaliable between efforts -> affects presence of by-products
54
What is intensity
How hard the body works during activity
55
What is duration
How long the acitivty continues for
56
Limiting factor CP
Stores of CP are largely depleted after 10s (has finite capacity)
57
Limiting factor AG
Has finite capacity due to production of H+ions which inhibit muscles ability to contract
58
Limiting factor aerobic
Requires o2 -glycogen depletes after 60 to 90 of continuous activity. This increases use of fats which require greater amount of o2 to breakdown
59
Pyruvic acid
By product of glycolysis
60
What happens if insufficient o2 to pyruvic acid
If insufficient o2, pyruvic acid will turn into lactic acid to breakdown into lactate and H+ ions
61
What happens if sufficient o2 avaliable to pyruvic acid
Sufficient o2 avaliable-> aerobic system uses o2 to turn pyruvic acid into energy
62
63
Causes of fatigue acronym
DDHHB+
64
What are the causes of fatigue
Depletion of CP Build up of H+ ions Hyperthermia and Hypothermia (thermoregulation) Depletion of Glycogen
65
What is depletion of CP
CP depletes after 10s T/f have to use AG system which works at slower rate of ATP resynthesis T/f only work at 85-95% intensity instead of 100% intensity that CP works at Often cause of fatigue in events under 30s e.g 200m sprint
66
What is the build up of H+ ions
Using AG system for 10s leads to build up of H+ions which inhibit muscles ability to contract-> Dec. performance
67
What is hyperthermia/ hypothermia
Hypothermia= too cold Hyperthermia= too hot Both decrease blood + o2 to muscles-> Dec. performance
68
Depletion of glycogen
Glycogen stores deplete after 60-90 mins of continuous exercise-> t/f body needs to use fats as primary source of energy Fats produce more energy total h/w require more o2 to do so t/f not used at as high intensity as glycogen g/c Dec. o2 avaliable at high intensity T/f need to Dec. intensity
69
Recovery types
Passive and active
70
What is passive recovery
- when you stand or sit still - allows body to use all of o2 avaliable to replenish CP instead of having to use it to contract muscles - FASTEST and BEST way to replenish CP
71
What is active recovery
When you do the same activity as you were doing during event at lower intensity (btw. 30-60% intensity) Allows you to mainitan blood flow + o2 to muscles used in event-> helps remove fatiguing by products (H+ ions) faster Maintaining of blood flow ensures you avoid venous pooling (blood pools in legs instead of returning to heart)
72
Most appropriate type of recovery 100m spring and why
100m sprint-> CP most predominant t/f major cause of fatigue= depletion of CP t/f passive recovery to replenish CP quickly
73
Most appropriate recovery 400m sprint and why
400m sprint-> AG most predominant t.f major cause of fatigue= build up of H+ ions t.f active recovery to remove H+ ions the fastest
74
CP appropriate recovery
Passive
75
AG appropriate recovery
Active
76
Depletion of glycogen apprporiate recovery
Eating glycogen
77
Build up of H+ ions appropriate recovery
Active
78
Thermoregulation appropriate recovery
Cool body down Warm body up
79

Unit 1 PE: Energy Systems (1 decks)

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