Unit 1- Esophagus and Stomachs

Question 1

Persistent Right Aortic Arch

Answer 1

Aorta on right causes esophagus to be trapped by ligamentum arteriosum, congenital megasophagus cranial to ligament

Question 2

Acquired Megasophagus

Answer 2

Most common in dogs, idiopathic or due to myasthenia gravis

Question 3

Choke

Answer 3

Area of necrosis after a foreign body is removed from the esophagus

Question 4

Reflux Esophagitis

Answer 4

Erosive lesion common in horse

Question 5

BVD

Answer 5

Erosive-ulcerative esophagitis in cattle

Question 6

Spirocerca lupi

Answer 6

Parasitic esophagitis in dogs, chronic esophagitis can lead to sarcomatous lesion, tumors can cause Marie’s disease

Question 7

Ruminal Tympany

Answer 7

Bloat, distention of rumen by fermentative gases

Question 8

Primary Ruminal Tympany

Answer 8

Associated with new diets that promote stable foam formation, clovers can cause froth

Question 9

Secondary Ruminal Tympany

Answer 9

Caused by obstruction of esophagus and failure to eructate

Question 10

Bloat Cause of Death

Answer 10

Enlarged rumen can compress lungs and heart, death must be recent to rule out postmortem bacterial proliferation

Question 11

Bloat Line

Answer 11

Venous blood will be pushed to neck and head, area of discoloration at thoracic inlet indicates pre-mortem bloat

Question 12

Trichobezoars

Answer 12

Hairballs in cattle, dogs, and cats, generally incidental

Question 13

Phyotrichobezoars

Answer 13

Plant material and phosphate salts in horse stomachs

Question 14

Hardware Disease

Answer 14

Traumatic reticulitis, can perforate pericardial sac and lead to pericarditis

Question 15

Chemical Rumenitits

Answer 15

Lactic acidosis or grain overload, causes focal ulceration

Question 16

Grain Overload Bacteremia

Answer 16

Bacteria enter portal vein circulation and lead to liver abscess and vena cava thombosis

Question 17

Ruminectomy

Answer 17

Replace acidic ruminal contents with fresh ruminal contents from slaughterhouse

Question 18

Mycotic Rumenitis

Answer 18

Proliferation of bacteria and fungi, fungi cause vasculitis and ischemic damage

Question 19

Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus

Answer 19

Large deep chested dogs and sows, torsion of stomach along gastrosplenic ligament, may involve spleen

Question 20

Sow GDV

Answer 20

After excessive food and water intake and competititve group physical activity

Question 21

GDV Complications

Answer 21

Venous infarction of stomach and spleen, septic shock, intraluminal hemorrhage

Question 22

Normal Abomasal Location

Answer 22

Left side and ventral

Question 23

Occurrence of Abomasal Displacement

Answer 23

Post partum dairy cows and calves

Question 24

Left Sided Abomasal Displacement

Answer 24

Most common and generally non fatal, only partially obstructing abomasal flow

Question 25

Right Sided Abomasal Displacement

Answer 25

Rare displacements, can result in abomasal volvulus

Question 26

Gastropexy

Answer 26

Attaches abomasum to rumen

Question 27

Progression of Abomasal Displacement

Answer 27

Abdominal pain, tachycardia, anorexia, dehydration, lack of feces, abomasal tympany

Question 28

Gastric Rupture

Answer 28

Common in horse, cannot vomit due to strong cardiac sphincter, impaction leads to dilatation and rupture

Question 29

Ileus

Answer 29

Intestinal Obstruction

Question 30

Adynamic Ileus

Answer 30

Inhibition of bowel mobility, usually caused by peritonitis

Question 31

Gastric Impaction Signs

Answer 31

Colic progressing to peritonitis and death

Question 32

Causes of Gastric Impaction

Answer 32

Consumption of fermentable carbs or grain, swelling after water and grain, accumulation in intestine, diaphragmatic hernia, persimmons swelling

Question 33

Gastric Ulceration

Answer 33

Pigs fed finely ground rations or wheat increasing HCl acid production

Question 34

Pig Ulcer Location

Answer 34

Esophageal portion of stomach

Question 35

Stomach Ulcer SIgns

Answer 35

Melena, poor growth, paleness

Question 36

White Pig

Answer 36

Landrass, shows paleness

Question 37

Horse Ulcers

Answer 37

Usually incidental, associated with reflux esophagitis or NSAIDs, located in cardiac portion near Margo Plicatus

Question 38

NSAID Ulcer Pathogenesis

Answer 38

Lower production of prostaglandins with a protective role

Question 39

Cat Gastric Ulcer

Answer 39

Mostly idiopathic

Question 40

Dog Gastric Ulcer

Answer 40

Can be related to MCT, histamine binds parietal cells and increases HCl secretion

Question 41

Ulcer Perforation

Answer 41

Can perforate stomach or intestines and lead to peritonitis

Question 42

Pig Salmonella

Answer 42

SEPEC Salmonella typhimurium leads to gastric venous infarction and inflammation

Question 43

Uremic Gastropathy

Answer 43

Renal failure leads to vasculitis and mineralization from altered Ca/P metabolism

Question 44

Braxy

Answer 44

Clostridium septicum, winter disease causing endotoxemia in lamb and calf, hemorrhage and edematous gastritis and abomasitis

Question 45

Mycotic Abomasitis

Answer 45

Long term ABX use destroys normal microflora, angio invasive fungi grow, can appear like cancer

Question 46

Angioinvasive Fungi

Answer 46

Attracted to blood vessels

Question 47

Gasterophilus nasalis

Answer 47

Botflies in pylorus and duodenum of horse, usually incidental

Question 48

Gasterophilus intestinalis

Answer 48

Botflies in cardia of horse, usually incidental

Question 49

Ostertagiasis

Answer 49

Proliferative abomasitis giving moroccan leather appearance

Question 50

Draschia megastoma

Answer 50

Nematodes with brood pouches near margo plicatus, granulomatous

Question 51

Bottle Jaw

Answer 51

Haemonchus contortus/barber pole worm feeds on blood in sheep stomach, edema of jaw due to hypoproteinemia

Question 52

Common Tumor in Horse

Answer 52

Gastric squamous cell carcinoma in cardiac portion of stomach, ulcerative and proliferative

Question 53

Peritoneal Carcinomatosis

Answer 53

Spread of gastric squamous cell carcinoma to peritoneal cavity in horse