unit 1 - essentials

Question 1

accuracy

Answer 1

how closely a measurement aligns with a correct value

Question 2

atom

Answer 2

smallest particle of an element that can enter into a chemical combination

Question 3

intensive property

Answer 3

property of a substance that is independent of the amount of the substance

Question 4

extensive property

Answer 4

property of a substance that depends on the amount of the substance

Question 5

compound

Answer 5

pure substnce that can be decomposed into two or more elements

Question 6

homogenous mixture

Answer 6

(also, solution) combination of substances with a composition that is uniform throughout

Question 7

heterogenous mixture

Answer 7

combination of substances with a composition that varies from point to point

Question 8

physical change

Answer 8

change in the state or properties of matter that is not associated with any change in its chemical composition

Question 9

chemical change

Answer 9

change producing a different kind of matter from the original kind of matter

Question 10

chemistry

Answer 10

study of the composition, properties and interctions of matter

Question 11

cubic centimeter

Answer 11

volume of a cube with a length of exactly 1cm

Question 12

cubic meter

Answer 12

SI unit of volume

Question 13

density

Answer 13

ratio of mass to volume for a substance or object

Question 14

dimensional analysis

Answer 14

versatie mathematical approach that can be applied to computations ranging from simple unit conversions to more complex, multi-step calculations involving several different quantities

Question 15

element

Answer 15

substance that is composed of a single type of atom; a substance that cannot be decomposed by a chemical change

Question 16

exact number

Answer 16

number derived by counting or by definition

Question 17

volume

Answer 17

amount of space occupied by an object

Question 18

weight

Answer 18

force that gravity exerts on an object

Question 19

Kelvin

Answer 19

SI unit of temperature; 273.15K = 0C

Question 20

hypothesis

Answer 20

tentative explanation of observations that acts as a guide for gathering and checking information

Question 21

kilogram

Answer 21

standard SI unit of mass; approx. 2.2 lbs

Question 22

law

Answer 22

statement that summarizes a vast number of experimental observations and describes or predicts some aspect of the natural world

Question 23

law of conservation of matter

Answer 23

when matter converts from one type to another or changes form, there is no detectable change in the total amount of matter present

Question 24

liquid

Answer 24

state of matter that has a definite volume but indefinite shape

Question 25

gas

Answer 25

state in which matter has neither definite volume nor shape

Question 26

unit conversion factor

Answer 26

ratio of equivalent quantities expressed with different units; used to convert from one unit to a different unit

Question 27

macroscopic domain

Answer 27

realm of everyday things that are large enough to sense directly by human sight and touch

Question 28

mass

Answer 28

fundamental property indicating amount of matter

Question 29

matter

Answer 29

anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 30

meter

Answer 30

SI unit of length

Question 31

microscopic domain

Answer 31

realm of things that are much too small to be sensed directly

Question 32

milliliter

Answer 32

.001 liter; 1 cm^3

Question 33

mixture

Answer 33

matter that can be separated into its components by physical means

Question 34

molecule

Answer 34

bonded collection of two or more atoms of any element

Question 35

physical property

Answer 35

characteristic of matter that is not associated with any change in its composition

Question 36

plasma

Answer 36

gaseous state of matter containing a large number of electrically charged atoms and/or molecules

Question 37

precision

Answer 37

how closely a measurement matches the same measurement when repeated

Question 38

pure substance

Answer 38

homogenous substance with a constant composition

Question 39

scientific method

Answer 39

path of discovery that leads from question and observation to law or hypothesis to theory, comined with experimental verification of the hypothesis and any necessary modification of the theory

Question 40

SI units

Answer 40

standards fixed by international agreement in the International System of Units

Question 41

significant figures

Answer 41

all of the measured digits in a determination, including the uncertain last digit

Question 42

solid

Answer 42

state of matter that is rigid, has a definite shape and hs a fairly constant volume

Question 43

symbolic domain

Answer 43

specialized language used to represent components of the macroscopic and microscopic domains, such as chemical symbols, chemical formulas, chemical equations, graphs, drawings and calculations

Question 44

theory

Answer 44

well-substantiated, comprehensive, testable explanation of a particular aspect of nature

Question 45

uncertainty

Answer 45

estimate of amount by which measurement differs from true value

Question 46

unit

Answer 46

standard of comparison for measurements

Question 47

ºC -> ºF

Answer 47

(ºC * 9/5) + 32 = ºF

Question 48

element

Answer 48

substance that is composed of a single type of atom; cannot be decomposed by a chemical change