Unit 1; Evolution

Question 1

what did Redi do?

Answer 1

disprove spontaneous generation

Question 2

spontaneous generation is the though that…

Answer 2

living things come from nonliving things

Question 3

how old is earth?

Answer 3

4.6 billion years old

Question 4

what conditions were needed to form the first organic molecules?

Answer 4

electricity (lightning)

Question 5

Darwin’s idea that more offspring are produced than could ever survive is called…

Answer 5

overproduction

Question 6

What type of natural selection lead to giraffes having such extreme necks?

Answer 6

directional selection

Question 7

What is radiometric dating?

Answer 7

a way to age materials

Question 8

radioactive decay is…

Answer 8

unstable nuclei release particles/radiant energy until become stable

Question 9

all elements of organic compounds…

Answer 9

existed when Earth formed

Question 10

What were gases that existed in the atmosphere at high temperatures to form simple organic compounds?

Answer 10

Oparin and Haldane

Question 11

when an animal stands out on purpose it is called…

Answer 11

aposematic coloration

Question 12

two animals that look alike and are both toxic are called..

Answer 12

mullerian mimicry

Question 13

mimicking the predator you are trying to avoid is called

Answer 13

gilbertian mimicry

Question 14

when a nontoxic animal looks like a toxic animal it is called…

Answer 14

batesian mimicry

Question 15

when an animal has neighboring patches of contrasting colors it is called…

Answer 15

disruptive camouflage

Question 16

What are half-lives good for?

Answer 16

determining excretion rates

Question 17

what are some characteristics of 1st cells/life?

Answer 17

• little to no oxygen in the earth’s atmosphere

- life was anaerobic, heterotrophic, prokaryotes

Question 18

compare and contrast photosynthetic and chemo-synthetic organisms

Answer 18

• photosynthesis produces food using light, water, and oxygen compared to chemo-synthesis which produces food through inorganic chemical processes
• both method produces food

Question 19

compare/contrast/give significance of micro-spheres and coacervates

Answer 19

contrast: they both form spontaneously and have cell-like structures w/o direction of genes
comparison: microspheres are composed of lipids, amino acids, and sugars, while coacervates are composed of many protein molecules

Question 20

theory of endosymbiosis

Answer 20

the relationship between prokaryotes and primitive eukaryotes

Question 21

the first autotrophs…

Answer 21

lived in harsh conditions, used oxidation of inorganics to obtain energy

Question 22

how was the first by-product of photsynthesis?

Answer 22

it was damaging to most life forms and led to the first mass extinction

Question 23

evolution

Answer 23

the development of new types of organisms from preexisting types of organisms over time

Question 24

what did most scientists think in the 18th century?

Answer 24

• all species are permanent and unchanging

- the Earth was only a couple of thousand years old

Question 25

Comte de Buffon

Answer 25

- introduced the idea of biogeography | - studied mammoths and how they were able to change for better to worse in environments

Question 26

Thomas Malthus argued...

Answer 26

- humans would suffer from famine | - there was never enough food to keep up with the human population growth

Question 27

Georges Curvier

Answer 27

- discovered many organisms were no longer on the planet - reconstructed fossil bones - promoted the idea of catastrophism

Question 28

Charles Lyell and James Hutton

Answer 28

- uniformitarianism | - concluded the earth to be much older than originally thought

Question 29

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

Answer 29

- inheritance of acquired characteristics - said individuals could pass on traits/behaviors in their lifetime and pass on (use/disuse) this was disproved

Question 30

Alfred Russel Wallace

Answer 30

had the same theory and ideas as darwin, he just didn't get his out fast enough

Question 31

genetic variations

Answer 31

variations can be inherited, increasing fitness

Question 32

differential reproduction

Answer 32

organisms with best adaptation are most likely to survive and reproduce

Question 33

bio-geography

Answer 33

study of locations of organisms around the world

Question 34

vestigial structures

Answer 34

seem to serve no purpose but resemble structures with functional role in other organisms

Question 35

biological molecules

Answer 35

DNA and RNA

Question 36

convergent evolution

Answer 36

process by which different species evolve similar traits | - similar adaptations because of similar environments, but evolved from different ancestors

Question 37

transitional species

Answer 37

intermediates between species

Question 38

distribution of fossils

Answer 38

closer in layers, more like each other

Question 39

population genetics

Answer 39

study of evolution from a genetic pov

Question 40

variations in genotype result from...

Answer 40

- mutation - recombination - random pairing of gametes

Question 41

gene pool

Answer 41

total genetic info available in a population

Question 42

Disruptive of Equilibrium: Gene flow

Answer 42

process of genes moving from one population to another

Question 43

genetic drift

Answer 43

phenomenon by which allele frequencies in a population change as a result of random events or chance - occurs most in small populations

Question 44

Disruption of Equilibrium: nonrandom mating

Answer 44

mate selection is often driven by geographic proximity

Question 45

assortative mating

Answer 45

selecting mates with similar traits as their own traits

Question 46

natural selection

Answer 46

some members survive to pass on genes

Question 47

stabilizing selection

Answer 47

individuals with the average form of trait have the highest fitness Avg trait wins

Question 48

disruptive selection

Answer 48

individuals with either extreme variation of the trait have the greatest fitness BOTH extreme traits win

Question 49

What was Darwin's book called?

Answer 49

On the Origin of the Species

Question 50

What did darwin's book explain?

Answer 50

variety and distribution of organisms on Earth in term of natural processes

Question 51

Descent with modification

Answer 51

the idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor.

Question 52

Hardy Weinberg Genetic Equilibrium

Answer 52

genotype frequencies in a population tend to remain constant from generation to generation unless acted on by outside influences