Unit 1: Evolution of Psychology

Question 1

Who is the founder of modern psychology?

Answer 1

William Wundt

Question 2

Explain Theme 1: Psychology is empirical.

Answer 2

one can acquire knowledge through systemic observation through intuition, common sense, speculation.

Question 3

Explain Theme 2: Psychology is theoretically diverse

Answer 3

Psychology is not black and white, one of several theories can be correct

Question 4

Explain Theme 3: Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context

Answer 4

one must understand the concept of behaviourism and its once dominant position. One single theory cannot explain behaviour

Question 5

Explain Theme 4: behaviour is determined by multiple causes

Answer 5

multiple causations which are complex

Question 6

Explain Theme 5:

Question 7

Explain Theme 6:

Question 8

Explain Theme 7:

Question 9

Applied psychology

Answer 9

Practical application of the principles, theories, and research findings from the study of psychology.

Question 10

Behaviour

Answer 10

range of actions, emotions, responses that are displayed by humans

Question 11

Behaviourism

Answer 11

the psychological approach that focuses on studying and understanding human behaviour

Question 12

Who came up with Behaviourism?

Answer 12

B.F. Skinner and John B. Watson

Question 13

Biological psychology

Answer 13

relationship between biology and psych (ie: neurology, genetics, cognition, mental processes).

Question 14

Clinical psychology

Answer 14

assessing, diagnosing, treating disorders.

Question 15

Cognition

Answer 15

mental processes and activities related to acquiring, processing, storing, and using information.

Question 16

Counselling Psychology

Answer 16

helping individuals, couples, families to address emotional, personal, social, psychological challenges.

Question 17

Critical Thinking

Answer 17

process of skillfully analyzing, evaluating, and synthesizing information and arguments, to make reasonable judgements and decisions.

Question 18

Developmental psychology

Answer 18

area studying the development of humans across the lifespan.

Question 19

Empiricism

Answer 19

philosophical approach that emphasizes the importance of sensory experience and empirical evidence in gaining knowledge and understanding of the world

Question 20

Functionalism

Answer 20

views society as a system composed of interrelated parts working together to maintain stability and achieve specific functions.

Question 21

Humanism

Answer 21

value and agency of humans at the centre of attention. focuses on inherent worth, dignity, and potential of individuals.

Question 22

Industrial/Organizational psychology

Answer 22

workplace/industry setting, behaviour in the context of work

Question 23

Introspection

Answer 23

process of examining and reflecting upon one’s own thoughts, feelings, mental experiences. “Turning inward.”

Question 24

Positive Psychology

Answer 24

seeks to understand the factors that contribute to a fulfilling and meaningful life.
Character strengths, virtues, positive emotions, resilience, positive relationships.

Question 25

Structuralism

Answer 25

analyzing the structure of conscious experiences through systemic introspection and identifying basic elements of consciousness. *Gave way to functionalism and behaviourism

Question 26

Who is the founder of psychoanalysis?

Answer 26

Sigmund Freud

Question 27

How did Freud structure the mind? (3 parts)

Answer 27

1. conscious mind 2. preconscious mind 3. unconscious mind

Question 28

What is the Opedipus complex?

Answer 28

during phallic stages, children develop unconscious desires for their opposite sex parent and view their same-sex parent as a rival. Freud thought this was crucial in the development of healthy adult relationships.

Question 29

How Freud viewed dreams?

Answer 29

dreams provide insight into unconscious desires

Question 30

Who was influential in developmental psychology?

Answer 30

G. Stanley Hall

Question 31

G. Stanley Hall was influential in the development of what association?

Answer 31

APA

Question 32

Where did G. Stanley Hall establish psychology labs?

Answer 32

Johns Hopkins and Clark University

Question 33

Who was influential in neurology and understanding brain development?

Answer 33

Donald Hebb

Question 34

What is Hebbian learning?

Answer 34

"Cells that fire together, wire together" studied the strengthening of neuron connections. also studied brain injuries and their influence on cognition and behaviour

Question 35

Who was influential on the creation of functionalism?

Answer 35

William James

Question 36

What is the James-Lange theory?

Answer 36

emotions are a result of physiological responses to stimuli *belief that emotions stem from one's interpretation of physical sensations Ex:heart beating fast and strong leads you to realize you are scared

Question 37

what refers to the continuous flow of thoughts, sensations, experiences, that make up our conscious experience?

Answer 37

the Stream of Consciousness

Question 38

Who was the founder of humanistic psychology?

Answer 38

Carl Rogers

Question 39

Who developed person-centred therapy?

Answer 39

Carl Rogers

Question 40

Who believed in empathy, active listening, unconditional positive regard, personal growth through self-exploration

Answer 40

Carl Rogers

Question 41

Who founded positive psychology?

Answer 41

Martin Seligman

Question 42

What type of psychology emphasizes the research on helplessness, optimism, well-being, human flourishing, resilience?

Answer 42

Positive Psychology

Question 43

What does the PERMA model stand for and what is it?

Answer 43

Positive emotions, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, Accomplishments model: these feelings lead to increased well-being and increased quality of life.

Question 44

Who believed in operant conditioning?

Answer 44

B.F Skinner

Question 45

Who rejected free will?

Answer 45

B.F Skinner

Question 46

Who believed that reinforcement and punishment drive behaviour?

Answer 46

B.F Skinner

Question 47

Who is considered "the father of behaviourism?"

Answer 47

John B. Watson

Question 48

Who advocated for a change from studying mental processes to observational behaviour?

Answer 48

John B. Watson

Question 49

Who is the father of experimental psychology?

Answer 49

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 50

Who created introspection?

Answer 50

Wilhelm Wundt