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Ap gov > Unit 1 exam > Flashcards

Unit 1 exam Flashcards

1
Q

Declaration of independence

A

provides the foundation for popular sovereignty; establishes natural rights and social contract; establishes limited government and republicanism

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2
Q

Articles of confederation

A

first constitution; gave all the power to the states and established a very weak central government

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3
Q

Article 1 of the constitution (sections 1-3)

A

congress= bicameral legislature; people in house were appointed according to state population; people in senate were represented by 2 senators per state; house chosen by people in the state, senate chosen by state legislatures.

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4
Q

Article 1 section 8

A

powers of congress (to lay and collect taxes, borrow money, regulate commerce, coin money, declare war, raise armies and navy, make laws that are necessary and proper)

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5
Q

Article 1 section 9

A

Lists the restrictions and rules that must be followed regarding certain powers of congress (no preference given, no money taken from treasury)

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6
Q

Article 1 section 10

A

Limitations on state governments ( cant make treaties, coin money, lay imposts on im/exports)

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7
Q

Article 2

A

executive power vested in the president, who will also be commander in chief of the army and navy.

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8
Q

Article 3

A

judicial power vested in the supreme court

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9
Q

Article 6

A

supremacy clause

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10
Q

According to federalist 10 Madison believes factions are problematic to the government bc…

A

they create division and can disrupt the government when they are in opposition

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11
Q

ACTF10, madison believes factions cant be destroyed bc…

A

that would destroy liberty

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12
Q

ACTF10 madison believes the best way to control factions is..

A

to control their effects, and this can be done through a republican government.

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13
Q

ACTF10(madison) as the nation grows…

A

parties and interests do as well, factions will be diluted, factions forced to compromise their interests in order to pass legislation that considers the common good of society.

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14
Q

Which is better according to Brutus 1 (antifederalist) a confederacy of state governments or a strong central government?

A

a confederacy of state governments

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15
Q

Brutus 1 is concerned that…

A

because a central authority can pass any law imaginable (necessary and proper clause) and crush any state laws through their own(supremacy clause), state governments would become inferior.

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16
Q

(Federalist 51 Madison) The separation of powers/ checks and balances…

A

create a government that can effectively rule over the people while also protecting them from governmental abuse.

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17
Q

(F51, Madison) Each branch of government needs…

A

as much power independent of the others as possible, and that such power must be equally distributed

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18
Q

(F51-Madison) Due to their immense amount of power, the legislative branch is…

A

divided into 2 different branches (bicameral legislature) w/ different modes of election and principles of action.

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19
Q

(F51-Madison) Federalism:

A

state and national governments; liberty will be upheld (double security)

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20
Q

Legislative branch:

A

makes laws, can tax people/control money, can declare war

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21
Q

Executive branch:

A

enforce laws, make treaties, lead military, grand pardons

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22
Q

Judicial branch:

A

interprets laws, reviews decisions of state and lower federal courts.

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23
Q

Checks and balances:

A

Each branch can check each other (legislative can impeach the president, executive can veto laws, judicial can rule out constitutionality of laws.)

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24
Q

Republican gov:

A

authority delegated to elected representatives to make decisions on behalf of the citizens.

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25
Q

Limited gov:

A

a governing body whose power is within limits set by the constitution, upholding natural rights, popular sovereignty, republicanism, and social contract

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26
Q

Bicameralism:

A

Having 2 branches in one legislative branch; the house represents individual districts of states determined by state population, the senate represents the entire state regardless of population

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27
Q

Bill of rights (first 10 amendments)

A

protects basic rights and establishes rights the government can not abolish; prevents tyrannical government with safeguards

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28
Q

Amendment 1

A

speech, religion, press, assembly, protest

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29
Q

Amendment 2

A

right to bear firearms

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30
Q

Amendment 3

A

not subject to quarter soliders

31
Q

Amendment 4

A

belongings/property can not be searched with out a warrant

32
Q

Amendment 5

A

citizens have a right to grand jury, and cant be accused of the same crime twice.

33
Q

Amendment 6

A

citizens have right to public trial and information

34
Q

Amendment 7

A

jury decision is final

35
Q

Amendment 8

A

no citizen subject to excessive bail/fines; no cruel and unusual punishment

36
Q

Amendment 9

A

just because a right has not been specifically defined does not mean the right shall be denied for the people.

37
Q

Amendment 10

A

Any powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved to the states

38
Q

Judicial review

A

supreme court can review other branches of government and declare their actions/laws unconstitutional.

39
Q

Natural rights

A

All peoples right of life, liberty and property

40
Q

The great compromise

A

established bicameral legislature, house seats based on population, senate=2 per state

41
Q

Impeachment

A

formal accusation against the president, first step in removal from office.

42
Q

Elite theory

A

wealthy members of an American society hold a degree of power that is heavily disproportionate.

43
Q

Participatory democracy

A

citizens are provided power to make political decisions

44
Q

Enumerated powers

A

powers of the federal government that are specifically addressed in the constitution

45
Q

Natural law

A

doctrine that society should be governed by certain ethical principles that are part of nature

46
Q

Majoritarianism

A

asserts that a majority of the population is entitled to a certain degree of primacy in society, and has the right o make decisions that affect the society

47
Q

3/5 Compromise

A

a slave is counted as 3/5ths of a person when it comes to the population of the state

48
Q

Anti Federalists

A

wanted to keep state governments strong and central government weak, opposed ratification of new constitution

49
Q

Federalists

A

wanted strong central/national government; believed in the need for a strong executive branch

50
Q

Popular sovereignty

A

The principle that the authority of the government is created and sustained by the consent of its people through their elected representatives.

51
Q

Social Contract

A

people create a government to protect the rights of the people

52
Q

Pluralist theory

A

citizen relationship in groups is key to political power, no single elite has monopoly on power, results in negotiation, and compromise.

53
Q

Shays Rebellion

A

series of protests in 1786-87 by American farmers against state and local enforcement on tax collection and judgements for debt; showed the weakness of the Articles when the central government couldn’t help the state to shut down the rebellion.

54
Q

Clean Air Act (1970)

A

required EPA to develop and enforce regulations to protect the public from airborne containments

55
Q

Clean Water Act (1972)

A

requires industries to use pollution control tech and obtain EPA permits to discharge waste into waters

56
Q

Civil Rights Act (1964)

A

made racial, religious, and sex discriminations by employers/businesses illegal and gave the government power to enforce all laws regarding civil rights

57
Q

American Disabilities Act

A

prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life.

58
Q

Commerce Clause

A

congress had the power to regulate interstate commerce (trade between states)

59
Q

Full faith and credit clause

A

adresses the duties that states have to respect the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state

60
Q

Supremacy clause

A

federal law is supreme over all other governments

61
Q

Elastic clause

A

allows congress to make all laws that are “necessary and proper” (implied power)

62
Q

Extradition

A

legal process where a criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of one state to the officials of the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed.

63
Q

Exclusive powers

A

powers that are specifically given to the state or federal governments

64
Q

Reserved powers

A

given to state governments only (incenses, marriages)

65
Q

Concurrent powers

A

given to federal and state governments (taxes, borrow money, establish banks)

66
Q

Dual Federalism

A

Federal and state governments do not overlap (layer cake federalism)

67
Q

Cooperative federalism

A

Federal and state governments share responsibilities (marble cake federalism)

68
Q

Privileges and immunities clause

A

Article 4 section 2, a state cannot unreasonably discriminate against citizens of another state

69
Q

Implied powers

A

not directly stated in the constitution (regulating immigration)

70
Q

Categorial grants

A

federal money given to states for a specific purpose; give more power to federal gov; states must meet a specific criteria (food stamps)

71
Q

Block Grants

A

federal money given to states for a broad purpose; more freedom for state to use the money, fewer criteria (public health, edu)

72
Q

Power to tax

A

power given to congress to “provide for the common defense and general welfare”

73
Q

Doctrine of nullification

A

a state can declare null and void federal law that, in the states opinion, violates the constitution

Ap gov (6 decks)

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