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Intro to Horticulture > Unit 1 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 1 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

enology

A

making wine

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2
Q

lianas

A

vines that develop woody stems over time

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3
Q

herbs

A

herbaceous self-supporting

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4
Q

shrubs

A

woody self-supporting (smaller)

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5
Q

trees

A

woody self-supporting (big)

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6
Q

tender

A

readily damaged by frost

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7
Q

hardy

A

not easily damaged by frost
flower buds are usually less hardy than leaf buds
roots may also have diff freeze tolerance

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8
Q

warm season

A

squash, lima beans, sweet potato

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9
Q

cool season

A

broccoli, kale, lettuce

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10
Q

hydrophytes

A

grow in water or in continuously wet soils

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11
Q

mesophytes

A

grow in soils that range from wet to dry many times during the year
(most horticultural plants)

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12
Q

xerophytes

A

adapted to seasonal or persistent drought
cacti, some succulents

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13
Q

halophytes

A

adapting to growing with high salt concentrations
beets, spinach, salt-bush

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14
Q

acidophiles

A

blueberries, rhododendrons & azaleas

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15
Q

basophiles

A

coltsfoot

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16
Q

annual

A

seed to seed in one season, then dies

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17
Q

biennials

A

seed to rosette in 1 season
rosette to seed spike in 2nd season then dies

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18
Q

winter annuals

A

germinate from seed in fall and overwinter before producing seed the next spring and die

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19
Q

perennials

A

may take several years to reach reproductive maturity
will produces seeds annual for multiple years without dying (under favorable conditions)

20
Q

how are plant cells different from other cells?

A

Cell wall enable plants to be rigid and grow tall
cholorplasts help plants make their own food

21
Q

meristems

A

apical-located at root or shoot tips
intercalary-special type grasses have
vascular cambium-what makes tree rings and expands their trunks

22
Q

epidermis

A

plant skin, covered by a waxy cuticle, in woody plants is eventually replaced by bark on older tissues, allows for gas and water exchange through stomata, may also have trichomes

23
Q

periderm (bark)

A

-extra protection
-made from cork cells
-suberin in bark cells repels water

24
Q

phloem

A

vascular tissue that moves food around plants, living, has fibers for strength

25
Q

xylem

A

-vascular tissue that moves water up through plant
-dead when mature
-woody part of plants is old, dead xylem

26
Q

roots

A

-supports/anchors the plant
-takes up water and nutrients

27
Q

adventitious roots

A

-arise from organs, not roots
-essential for some plant propagation
-contractile roots
-brace or prop roots
-holdfasts of vines

28
Q

tuberous roots

A

-thickened and fleshy for storage
-sweet potato and dahlia

29
Q

how do i know it’s a root?

A

no eyes (buds)

30
Q

stems

A

-have nodes and internodes
-have buds

31
Q

buds

A

-compressed juvenile stems
-most have scales, but some don’t
-terminal
-axillary

32
Q

bud arrangment

A

-alternate: 1 bud per node
-opposite: 2 bud per node
-whorled: 3+ per node

33
Q

modified stems

A

tubers (potatoes)
corms (gladiolus, crocus)
bulbs (mostly leaves; onion)
rhizomes and stolons
runners
crown
spur
suckers
water-sprouts
tendrils
thorns, spines, prickles

34
Q

organs: leaves

A

where photosynthesis takes place

35
Q

leaf arrangement

A

1=alternate leaf arrangement
2= opposite leaf arrangement
3+= whorled leaf arrangement

36
Q

leaves simple:

A

the lead blade is not divided

37
Q

leaves compound

A

the leaf blade is divided into leaflets

38
Q

leaves venation

A

palmate and pinnate

39
Q

venation: what if the leaflets have leaflets?

A

-bipinnately compound
-each leaflet is pinnately compound
-each leaflet has pinnate venation

40
Q

are evergreen needles leaves?

A
  • YES
  • Can also be awl like or scale like
41
Q

leaves-upper epidermis-mesophyll

A

palisade layer, spongy

42
Q

bracts

A

right below flower
may be larger and colorful

43
Q

fall color

A

-chlorophyll is lost
-xanthophyll (yellow), carotene (orange) becomes visible
_anthocyanins (red, purples) intensify, especially with sunny days and cool nights

44
Q

abscission (leaf falling)

A

shorter days or stress triggers
suberin forms an abscission layer, leaf falls easily

45
Q

juvenility

A

juvenile plants cannot flower, even under the correct conditions

46
Q

juvenility can last a few weeks to many years; triggers

A

age (week to years)
size
temperature (usually cool)

47
Q

flower parts

A

-all of the petals=corolla
-all of the sepals=calyx
-nectaries

Intro to Horticulture (1 decks)

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