Unit 1 Exam Flashcards by Joriel Delgadillo

Which of the following apply to lateral projections of the skull?

1- MSP in perpendicular to the IR
2- OML is perpendicular to the IR
3- IPL is perpendicular to the IR
4- MSP is parallel to the IR

a. 1 and 2
b. 2 and 4
c. 3 and 4
d. 2, 3, and 4

c. 3 and 4

IPL is perpendicular to the IR
MSP is parallel to the IR

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For a PA skull projection, which of the following reference lines is perpendicular to the IR?

a. MML
b. OML
c. IOML
d. AML
e. IPL

b. OML

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The radiographic landmark found at the nasofrontal suture is:

a. Gonion
b. Acanthion
c. Nasion
d. Glabella
e. Outer canthus

c. Nasion

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Which of the following sinuses are best demonstrated on an open mouth Waters projection?

a. Frontal and Ethmoid
b. Ethmoid and Sphenoid
c. Frontal and Maxillary
d. Maxillary and Sphenoid

d. Maxillary and Sphenoid

Note:
Caldwell- Frontal and Ethmoid
Lateral- Sphenoid
SMV- Ethmoid and Sphenoid
Waters- Sphenoid and Maxillary

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The degree of difference between the OML and the IOML is:

a. 7 degrees
b. 8 degrees
c. 12 degrees
d. 15 degrees
e. 30 degrees

a. 7 degrees

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For the lateral projection of the nasal bones, the CR enters:

а. 2” superior to the EAM
b. The outer canthus
c. 0.5”-1” distal to the nasion
d. The acanthion

c. 0.5”-1” distal to the nasion

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Which bone in the skull contains the petrous ridges?

a. Mandible
b. Sphenoid
c. Ethmoid
d. Temporal
e. Occipital

d. Temporal

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When performing a Waters projection of the paranasal sinuses, which of the following indicates a proper CR/part relationship on the image?

a. Petrous ridges in the lower third of the orbits
b. Petrous ridges projected below the antra of Highmore
c. Petrous ridges projected midway through the maxillary sinuses
d. Mandibular condyles anterior to the petrous ridges

b. Petrous ridges projected below the antra of Highmore

Antrum of Highmore = Maxillary sinuses.

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For the PA projection of the mandibular rami, which of the following reference lines is perpendicular to the IR?

a. AML
b. MML
c. OML
d. IOML
e. IPL

c. OML

AML- Mandibular Body

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In order to demonstrate the function of the temporomandibular joints, exposures should be made with:

a. Both caudal and cephalic angles
b. Both orbito-parietal and parieto-orbital projections
c. The head (MSP) obliqued 45 degrees from IR (both sides)
d. Mouth open and closed (both sides)
e. The vertex tipped laterally (both sides)

d. Mouth open and closed (both sides)

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For the Waters projection of the facial bones, the OML forms a ___ degree angle with the image plane and the CR exits at the ___.

a. 15, nasion
b. 30, foramen magnum
c. 37, acanthion
d. 55, lips
e. 55, acanthion

c. 37, acanthion

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When performing an PA Axial Caldwell projection, which of the following indicates a proper CR/part relationship on the image?

a. Petrous ridges in the lower third of the orbits
b. Frontal bones and orbits well demonstrated
c. Petrous ridges projected below the antra of Highmore
d. Dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid processes projected within the foramen magnum

a. Petrous ridges in the lower third of the orbits

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Blowout fractures are best demonstrated on which of the following projections?

a. Lateral
b. Modified Waters
c. SMV
d. Axiolateral Oblique

b. Modified Waters

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When performing the axiolateral oblique projection of the mandible to best demonstrate the mandibular body, Merrill’s recommends positioning the MSP:

a. Parallel to the IR
b. Rotated 30 degrees away from the IR
c. Rotated 30 degrees toward the IR
d. Rotated 45 degrees toward the IR

c. Rotated 30 degrees toward the IR

Ramus: Head true lateral
Body: 30º toward IR
Symphysis: 45º toward IR
CR: 25º cephalic to pass through ROI

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Which of the following bones are part of the bony orbit?

1-Ethmoid
2-Temporal
3-Sphenoid
4-Lacrimal
5-Maxilla
6-Palatine

a. 1, 3, and 5
b. 2, 4, and 6
c. 1, 2, 3, and 4
d. 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6
e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6

d. 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6

Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Lacrimal
Maxilla
Palatine

Remember: Fuck My Life Zues Should Eat Poop

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When performing an AP axial (Towne) projection of the skull, which of the following indicates a proper CR/part relationship on the image?

d. Dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid processes projected within the foramen magnum

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The Caldwell method is performed primarily to demonstrate which of the paranasal sinuses?

a. Frontal and ethmoid
b. Ethmoid and sphenoid
c. Frontal and maxillary
d. Maxillary and sphenoid

a. Frontal and ethmoid

Caldwell- Frontal and Ethmoid
Lateral- Sphenoid
SMV- Ethmoid and Sphenoid
Waters- Sphenoid and Maxillary

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The nasal septum is composed of the following bone(s):

1-Ethmoid
2-Temporal
3-Sphenoid
4-Vomer
5-Maxilla

a. 1 and 2
b. 2 and 3
c. 1 and 4
d. 3 and 4
e. 1, 4, and 5

c. 1 and 4

Ethmoid
Vomer

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For an AP axial Towne projection of the skull, if the IOML is placed perpendicular to the IR the CR angulation is:

a. 37 degrees cephalic
b. 30 degrees caudal
c. 15 degrees caudal
d. 37 degree caudal

d. 37 degree caudal

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Which of the following is true regarding the axiolateral oblique projection (Modified Law) to demonstrate the TMJs?

a. The MSP to be rotated 30 degrees toward the IR
b. The CR enters 1.5” above the upside EAM
c. The MSP is perpendicular to the IR
d. The CR is angled 15 degrees cephalic

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b. The CR enters 1.5” above the upside EAM

MSP rotated 15 degrees towards the IR.
The CR is angled 15 degrees caudal.

Remember: Axiolateral Oblique (Modified Law) 15 caudal / 15 rotation towards IR
Axiolateral (Shuller) 30 caudal

When performing a Modified Waters projection of the facial bones, which of the following indicates a proper CR/part relationship on the image?

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c. Petrous ridges projected midway through the maxillary sinuses

When imaging the eye for foreign body location using the PA axial projection, what is the angulation required to project the petrous portions of the temporal bones below the inferior margin of the orbits?

a. 37 degrees cephalic
b. 30 degrees caudal
c. 15 degrees caudal
d. 37 degree caudal

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b. 30 degrees caudal

Orbits Pa Axial is a modified Caldwell.

For the lateral projection of the skull, the CR enters:

a. 2” superior to the EAM
b. The outer canthus
c. 0.5” distal to the nasion
d. The acanthion

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a. 2” superior to the EAM

The Reverse Caldwell projection involves angling the CR ____ degrees ____ (assuming the OML is perpendicular to the IR).

a. 30; caudal
b.15; caudal
c. 30; cephalic
d. 15; cephalic

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d. 15; cephalic

For the PA projection of the mandibular body, the CR exits at the a. AML, lips b. MML, acanthion c. OML, acanthion d. IOML, lips

a. AML, lips ## Footnote PA Mandibular Rami- OML, acanthion

The patient's head is placed in a true lateral position with the CR directed 25 degrees cephalic to pass through the mandibular area of interest. According to Merrill's which part of the mandible is best visualized in this example? a. Ramus b. Body c. Symphysis d. Mental foramen

a. Ramus ## Footnote Ramus: Head true lateral Body: 30º toward IR Symphysis: 45º toward IR CR: 25º cephalic to pass through ROI

The AP Axial Towne projection of the skull best demonstrates detail of the: a. Frontal bone b. Temporal bone c. Occipital bone d. Sphenoid bone

c. Occipital bone

Which of the following is true regarding the Caldwell method to demonstrate the paranasal sinuses? a. The CR is angled 15 degrees caudal b. The CR exits the acanthion c. The OML is forms a 15 degree angle with the plane of the IR d. The IOML is perpendicular to the IR

c. The OML is forms a 15 degree angle with the plane of the IR

For the lateral projection of the facial bones, the CR enters: a. 2" superior to the EAM b. 1" posterior to the outer canthus c. 0.5" distal to the nasion d. The zygoma, halfway between the EAM and outer canthus

d. The zygoma, halfway between the EAM and outer canthus

The SMV projection will best demonstrate which paranasal sinuses? a. Ethmoid and Frontal b. Frontal and Maxillary c. Sphenoid and Ethmoid d. Maxillary and Sphenoid

c. Sphenoid and Ethmoid ## Footnote Caldwell- Frontal and Ethmoid Lateral- Sphenoid SMV- Ethmoid and Sphenoid Waters- Sphenoid and Maxillary

In a trauma situation, how is a lateral projection of the skull obtained? a. Delay exam until patient is able to ambulate b. Use a horizontal CR centered 2" superior to the EAM c. Angle the CR to match the OML d. Extend the chin to place the MML perpendicular to the IR

b. Use a horizontal CR centered 2" superior to the EAM

When imaging the soft tissue of the eye to rule out the presence of foreign bodies, immobilization of the eyes for the modified waters projection is achieved by: a. Taping the eyelids open b. Taping the eyelids closed c. Instructing the patient to blink during exposure d. Instruct the patient to close their eyes and concentrate on holding them still

d. Instruct the patient to close their eyes and concentrate on holding them still

The AP Axial projection to demonstrate the TMJ's requires the OML to be placed perpendicular to the IR, and the CR to be directed ____ degrees ____. a. 15, caudal b. 25, cephalic c. 30, caudal d. 35, caudal

d. 35, caudal ## Footnote "Exaggerated Caldwell" Same as Caldwell but with increased angle.

For the Modified Waters projection of the facial bones, the OML forms a ____ degree angle with the image plane and the CR exits at the____. a. 15, nasion b. 30, lips c. 37, acanthion d. 55, acanthion

d. 55, acanthion

Which of the following are classified as facial bones? 1-Nasal 2-Lacrimal 3-Temporal 4-Sphenoid 5-Vomer 6-Maxilla 7-Zygomatic 8-Inferior nasal conchae a. 1, 3, 5, and 7 b. 2, 4, 6, and 8 c. 1, 2, 5, 6, 7 and 8 d. 1, 2, 6, 7 and 8 e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8

c. 1, 2, 5, 6, 7 and 8 Nasal Lacrimal Vomer Maxilla Zygomatic Conchae ## Footnote Also Includes: Mandible and Paletine Note: My Mandible Chews Nine Very Large Zucchini Pizzas.

What is another term for the external occipital protuberance? a. Gonion b. Coronoid process c. Inion d. Coracoid process

c. Inion

True or False The IPL connects the acanthion and the EAM.

False

True or False Medial and lateral displacement of fragments in fractures of the rami is best shown in a SMV projection.

False

True or False For the SMV skull projection, the CR passes between the angles of the mandible and passes through a point 3/4 inch anterior to the level of the EAM.

True

True or False The mandibular condyle articulates with the temporal bone.

True

True or False The coracoid process of the mandible articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone to form the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

False ## Footnote The CONDYLE of the mandible articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone to form the TMJ.

True or False The anterior nasal spine corresponds with the nasion in location.

True

True or False The zygomatic arch unites the zygoma with the sphenoid bone.

False ## Footnote The zygomatic arch unites the zygoma with the TEMPORAL bone.

True or False The axiolateral projection, Shuller method, to demonstrate TMJs utilizes a 25-30 degree caudal angulation.

True ## Footnote Axiolateral Oblique (Modified Law)- 15 degree caudal / MSP 15 degree toward IR

True or False In trauma situations (when the patient is wearing a cervical collar), CR angulation may have to be increased to obtain an AP Axial Towne projection.

True

True or False For the lateral projection of the orbit, the CR enters at the inner canthus.

False ## Footnote CR enters at the OUTER canthus.

True or False The skull consists of 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones.

True

True or False When positioning for the Modified Waters projection, place the MML perpendicular to the IR.

False ## Footnote Modified Waters- LML is perpendicular to IR Waters- MML is perpendicular to IR

True or False The SMV projection of the skull involves placing the OML parallel with the IR.

False ## Footnote IOML parallel with the IR.

Unit 1 Exam Flashcards

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