Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology > Unit 1 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 1 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

4 Macromolecules

A

carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid, and proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

5 fundamental properties by all living things

A

cellular organization, energy utilization, homeostasis, growth/development/reproduction, and heredity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

hierarchy on the cellular level

A

atoms to molecules to macromolecules to organelles to cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

hierarchy on the organismal level

A

tissues to organs to organ systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

hierarchy on the population level

A

population to species to biological community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

molecule

A

chemical component of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cell

A

smallest unit of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

tissue

A

group of similar cells that perform the same function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

organ

A

a structure with two or more tissues working together to perform a function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

organ systems

A

at least two or more organs working together to perform a function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

individual

A

a single organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

population

A

all individuals of the same species in an area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

biological community

A

all the species in an ecosystem that can interact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ecosystem

A

a community and its physical environment that can interact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

biosphere

A

part of the earth that supports life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

homologous structures

A

have same evolutionary origin but differ in structure and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

analogous structures

A

have similar function but different evolutionary origins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

phylogenetic tree

A

family tree of a gene, pattern of descent through evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

taxonomy

A

Genus species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

domains of life

A

bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

domain bacteria

A

unicellular prokaryotic organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

domain archaea

A

unicellular prokaryotic organisms; most live in extreme environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

domain eukarya

A

eukaryotic cells that contain a membrane-bound nucleus and internal compartments

24
Q

kingdoms under domain eukarya

A

protists, fungi, plants, animals

25
kingdom protists
algae, protozoans, unicellular
26
3 types of bacteria
rod shaped (bacillus), cocci, spiral shaped
27
classification of living things in order of most inclusive to least inclusive
domain to kingdom to phylum to class to order to family to genus to species
28
7 steps to scientific method in order
observation to form a question to hypothesis to prediction to experiment/further observations to results to conclusion
29
inductive reasoning
using a number of specific observations to derive generalizations, going from specific to broad, ex. observe different species have cells, therefore all living things are made of cells
30
deductive reasoning
using general premises to extrapolate specific predictions if those generalizations are true, going from broad to specific, ex. testosterone mediates expression of male traits used in social communication
31
directional prediction
specific prediction, ex. testosterone will increase/decrease the size of the VNO
32
nondirectional prediction
nonspecific prediction, ex. testosterone will change the size of the VNO
33
null hypothesis
the effect being studied does not exist, no relationship between variables, ex. testosterone will have no effect on the VNO
34
independent variable
an experimental factor that is manipulated
35
dependent variable
an experimental factor that is measured
36
control
group that receives all treatment except independent variable, kept to the status quo
37
Georges Cuvier
proposed catastrophic events led to extinction of large numbers of animals, said wooly mammoths are extinct (which was controversial)
38
Lamarck
proposed an evolutionary theory based on 2 major concepts, use and disuse, and inheritance of acquired characteristics, ex. giraffes have long necks because every generation kept stretching their necks to reach the trees
39
Charles Darwin
observed fossils and species from all over the world, explained the concept of organic evolution proceeds by the process of natural selection
40
adaptation
any trait that improves survival and reproduction
41
artificial selection
when humans select traits and alter survival and reproduction, ex. dog breeding
42
vestigial
anatomical features that are reduced and no longer functional
43
convergent evolution
living in similar environments develop similar traits, analogous traits
44
unity of life
evolutionary conservation
45
diversity of life
evolutionary change
46
unifying concepts in biology
1. life is subject to natural laws 2. structure is associated with function 3. living systems transform energy and matter 4. living systems transmit "information" through DNA 5. the unity and diversity of life arises from evolutionary processes
47
emergent properties
new functions arise as the product of the functions from the lower level, ex. your lungs help you breathe because of all the cells functioning as a unit
48
atomic number
number of protons in an atom
49
isotopes
atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
50
atomic mass
sum of the masses of protons and neutrons
51
4 most common elements of life
H, C, N, O
52
cohesion forces
attraction to self (H bonds between water molecules), allows water to exist as liquid over range of temperatures, produces surface tension
53
adhesion forces
attraction to other substances, ex. water attracted to glass in a tube creating a meniscus, capillary action
54
specific heat
amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 ºC
55
heat of vaporization
amount of heat required to change 1g of a substance from liquid to gas phase

Biology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions