Unit 1 Exam

Question 0

Define morals

Answer 0

Refers to the social customs and practices that determines good and bad, right and wrong

Question 1

Define Ethics

Answer 1

Philosophical study of morality

Question 2

Moral cognitivism

Answer 2

Moral truths exist and can be known

Question 3

Moral realism

Answer 3

The view that ethical standards, morality, and positions of right or wrong are culturally based and therefore subject to a person’s individual choice. We can all decide what is right for ourselves

Question 4

Subjectivism

Answer 4

Our moral evaluations and appraisals are based solely on our own feelings

Question 5

Moral relativism

Answer 5

Basis morality not in the claims of the individual, but the community in which an individual lives. To say “X is wrong” means that “X violates certain community standards and practices

Question 6

Moral non-cognitivism

Answer 6

There are no moral truths can be known

Question 7

Cultural Differences Argument

Answer 7

It’s merely a matter of opinion that varies from culture to culture

Question 8

Relativism strengths

Answer 8

Reflects what anthropologists find when they study other cultures, explains difference within subcultures within the US, explains the difference of opinion between individuals

Question 9

Relativism weakness

Answer 9

Is not necessary to explain difference in cultural practices, can’t account for moral progress, morality appears to be based on rather arbitrary standards, there may be more similarity between people/cultures than we immediately recognize

Question 10

Teleological

Answer 10

Contain virtue theory, divine command theory, and utilitarianism

Question 11

Virtue Theory

Answer 11

Aristotle, emphasis on character traits

Question 12

Natural Law Theory

Answer 12

Appeal to religious texts and beliefs, god provide the ultimate end/purpose Aquinas

Question 13

Deontology

Answer 13

Emphasis on moral duties

Question 14

Utilitarianism

Answer 14

Pleasure/pain

Question 15

Golden Mean

Answer 15

Middle ground between excess and deficiency

Question 16

Aquinas

Answer 16

Natural Law Theory

Question 17

Aristotle

Answer 17

Virtue Theory

Question 18

Bentham/Mill

Answer 18

Utilitarianism Theory

Question 19

Kant

Answer 19

Deontology

Question 20

Divine Command Theory

Answer 20

What is morally right or wrong is that which is commanded by God. We can not know good apart from those commands, Aquinas

Question 21

Categorical Imperative

Answer 21

Principle of universal legislation, an individual must ask if a general rule can be derived such that every person similarly situation would be compelled to do the act in question. An act that can become a universal law without contradiction

Question 22

Principle of Universal Legislation

Answer 22

Treat others as ends and not means only

Question 23

Utilitarian Calculation

Answer 23

Seeks to maximize greatest good for the greatest number

Question 24

Consequentialism

Answer 24

Emphasis is on the consequences of an action. Pleasure and pain.

Question 25

Griswold V Connecticut

Answer 25

Struck down Connecticut law barring contraceptives. Provided a right to privacy

Question 26

Church Amendment

Answer 26

Provided the first conscience clause in the US

Question 27

Neal Noesen

Answer 27

Pharmacist who refused to refill a birth control prescription and also refused to release the prescription to another pharmacy

Question 28

Plan B

Answer 28

Agents that affect any of the event that precede fertilization. Ex: levonorgestrel

Question 29

45 CFR Part 88

Answer 29

Required certification of all federally-funded facilities that they were complying with the church amendments. However, it went on to expand the right of the conscience clauses in the church amendments beyond abortion and sterilization to include any legally available service

Question 30

Incompatibility Thesis

Answer 30

Conscience-based refusals to provide legal and professionally permitted medical services are incompatible with the professional obligations of physicians

Question 31

Levonorgestrel

Answer 31

Type of Plan B contraceptives, that affects events that precede fertilization not post fertilization contraceptive

Question 32

RU 486

Answer 32

An oral drug that terminates early pregnancy by interfering with the action of progesterone, thereby preventing the attachment of a fertilized ovum to the uterine wall

Question 33

Thomas More

Answer 33

Martyr for his Catholic morals

Question 34

Conscience

Answer 34

The limb on which medical ethics sit

Question 35

Embryo

Answer 35

Early development stage. Up to 2 months in pregnancy

Question 36

Fetus

Answer 36

After the second month of gestation, were there is recognizable shape

Question 37

Midwife

Answer 37

Person trained to assist women in childbirth

Question 38

Sherri Finkbine

Answer 38

Woman who took a drug which deformed her fetus, requested an abortion, was denied an abortion, and then flew to Sweden to abort the child.

Question 39

Humanae Vitae

Answer 39

Declared use of birth control to be a son. In 1993, Pope John Paul 2 vigorously defended humanae Vitae and it's ban on birth control

Question 40

Viability

Answer 40

Ability to live, able to survive without being dependent on the mother for nutrition

Question 41

Danforth Decision

Answer 41

The court invalidated state laws requiring a woman to get consent for an abortion from either a matrimonial or biological father. The court held that such consent amounted to giving these men a veto over a woman's decision. Also said that a state cannot pass a law giving parents of teenage girls an absolute veto over a decision to have an abortion

Question 42

D&C

Answer 42

Día lagoon and curettage, for first-trimester abortions

Question 43

Judith Jarvis Thomson

Answer 43

Violinist Theory, used reasoning by analogy, people seeds

Question 44

Circular Argument

Answer 44

1) it's wrong to kill an innocent human being 2) a fetus is an innocent human being 3) it's wrong to kill a fetus

Question 45

Mary Anne Warren

Answer 45

5 personhood criteria and a fetus does not meet personhood until they fulfill the criteria

Question 46

Cognitive Criterion on Personhood

Answer 46

Personhood criteria that says that if you don't meet this criteria than you are not a person: 1) presence of reasoning 2) capacity to communicate 3) presence of self-awareness 4) consciousness and capacity to feel pain 5) self-motivated activity