Unit 1 Exam Flashcards
(88 cards)
1
Q
Body planes
A
Coronal- front and back
Transverse- top and bottom
Sagittal- left and right
2
Q
Axial vs appendicular skeleton
A
Axial- head, neck, and trunk
Appendicular- all other
3
Q
Cutaneous membrane
A
Skin
- secretes oil
4
Q
Synovial membrane
A
Lining of movable joints
5
Q
Mucous membrane
A
Secretes mucus and lubricant
6
Q
Serous membrane
A
Lines the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
7
Q
Two types of serous membranes
A
Visceral- around the organ
Parietal- lining the wall
8
Q
Projections
A
Sites of muscle and ligament attachments
9
Q
Tuberosity
A
Large rounded projection
10
Q
Crest
A
Narrow ridge of bone, prominent
11
Q
Trochanter
A
Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process
12
Q
Line
A
Narrow ridge of bone, not as prominent
13
Q
Tubercle
A
Small rounded projection or process
14
Q
Epicondyle
A
Raised area on or above a condyle
15
Q
Spine
A
Sharp slender, often pointed projection
16
Q
Process
A
Any bony prominence
17
Q
Articulations
A
Surfaces that form joints
18
Q
Head
A
Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
19
Q
Facet
A
Smooth, nearly flat articulate surface
20
Q
Condyle
A
Rounded articulate projection, often articulates with a corresponding fossa
21
Q
Depressions and openings
A
Cavities or dips
22
Q
Foramen
A
Round or oval opening through a bone
23
Q
Groove
A
Furrow
24
Q
Fissure
A
Narrow, slit like opening
25
Notch
Indentation at the edge of a structure
26
Fossa
Shallow depression in the bone
27
Meatus
Canal-like passageway
28
Sinus
Cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucus membrane
29
Cranial cavity
brain, vertebral cavity
30
Ventral Cavity
lungs, heart, intestines, and kidneys
31
Thoracic Cavity
mediastinum, pleural cavity, pericardial cavity
32
Abdominopelvic cavity
abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity
33
other components of water
electrolytes, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids
34
passive transport
no energy
| high to low concentrations
35
Active transport
low to high concentration
| uses energy
36
Osmosis
diffusion of water from high to low concentration
37
diffusion
moving molecules across the membrane
38
exocytosis
large molecules are secreted from the cell
| cell grows larger, vesicle membrane becomes part of plasma membrane
39
endocytosis
decreases the cell size because some of the membrane becomes the vesicle membrane
40
rough ER
synthesizes proteins for secretion
41
smooth ER
site of steroid, fatty acid, and phospholipid synthesis
42
Golgi apparatus
packages enzymes for lysosomes
43
lysosomes
destroys cell waste
44
mitochondria
creates the energy for the cell
45
peroxisomes
formed in the ER, and detoxify harmful substances
46
Cytoskeleton
```
structural support of cell
cytosol streaming
cell motility
movement of organelles
movement of chromosomes
```
47
Mitosis
parent cell---> 2 daughter cells
48
Meiosis
parent cell---> 4 sex daughter cells
49
histology
study of tissues and relationships within the organs
50
hypertrophy
increase in cell size
51
atrophy
decrease in cell size
52
hyperplasia
increase in the number of cells
53
metaplasia
change in form or cell type
54
4 basic types of tissue
nervous
epithelial
muscle
connective
55
types of muscle tissue
skeletal
smooth
cardiac
56
skeletal muscle
striated with peripheral multi nuclei
57
smooth muscle
non-striated with single central nuclei
| found in visceral organs, blood vessel walls
58
cardiac muscle
striated with single central nuclei. intercalated discs-dark lines
59
```
Epithelial tissue
classification
# of cells
```
simple
stratified
pseudostratified
60
Epithelial tissue
classification
cell shape
squamous
cuboidal
columnar
transitional
61
simple squamous
one layer, flat scale like
| diffusion and filtration
62
simple cuboidal
one layer cube like
| secretion and absorption
63
simple columnar
one layer columns
| secretion and absorption
64
stratified squamous
many layers, flat scale like
| protection
65
stratified cuboidal
many layers, cubes
| protection, rare in humans
66
stratified columnar
many layers, columns
| protection and rare in humans
67
pseudostratified
looks stratified but not
68
transitional
tissue that can change the shape temporarily
| protection, stretching
69
glands
epithelial cells that make and secrete a product form glands
70
glands classification
unicellular
| Multicellular
71
exocrine gland
secretes- sweat and saliva
transported by ducts
located close to target cells
72
Endocrine gland
secretes hormones
transports directly into bloodstream
do not need to be close to target cells
in vascularized areas
73
merocrine gland
exocrine gland
| - delivers by exocytosis
74
holocrine gland
exocrine gland
| - after secreting material it disintegrates and becomes the material
75
apocrine gland
exocrine gland
| - the tip of the cell pinches off and becomes the secretion
76
tubular secretory structure
the ducts is shaped in an elongated tube shape
77
alveolar secretory structure
the duct is rounded in shape
78
simple duct structure
the duct doesn't branch off
79
compound duct structure
the duct branches off into multiple compartments
80
types of connective tissue
```
adipose
cartilage
bone
blood
loose connective
fibrous connective
```
81
connective tissue function
```
protection
support
storage
binding
transport
immune
```
82
what does connective tissue consist of?
specialized cells
protein fibers
ground substance
83
characteristics of connective tissue
highly vascular, well nourished, regenerative, large matrix
84
common origin connective tissue
mesenchyme
85
types of connective tissue
connective tissue proper
supporting connective tissue
fluid connective tissue
86
cells of connective tissue proper
```
resident cells: support, maintain, repair
- fibroblast
- adipocytes
- fixed macrophages
- mesenchymal
Wandering Cells: immune prot/repair
- leukocytes
```
87
fibers of connective tissue proper
collagen: abundant, flexible but strong
Elastic: stretch, thinner than collagen
Reticular: form a net
88
loose connective tissue
Areolar
Adipose
Reticular
