UNIT 1 Exam Review

Question 1

Define Pharmacology

Answer 1

The study of drugs and their actions of living organisms.

Question 2

Drug Names (3 Types)

Answer 2

• Generic
• Trade/Brand
• Chemical

Question 3

Determine the drug name: Ibuprofen

Answer 3

Generic

Question 4

Determine the drug name: Advil

Answer 4

Trade/Brand

Question 5

Drug Categories (3 Types)

Answer 5

• Prescription (Stronger Drugs)
• Nonprescription (Over-The-Counter Drugs)
• Controlled Substances (Addictive Drugs)

Question 6

The higher the ______ , the ______ of risk of side effects.

Answer 6

Dose; Higher

Question 7

When tossing out controlled substances, you should be ________.

Answer 7

Supervised, must be documented, and substances must be wasted where it is not retrieved.

Question 8

3 Phases of Drug Activity

Answer 8

• Pharma-ceutic
• Pharma-kinetic
• Pharma-codynamic

Question 9

4 Factors of Drug Absorption

Answer 9

• Route of administration
• Solubility of drug
• Presence of certain bodily conditions
• First-Pass effect

Question 10

What is the drug absorption time for “P.O. (By Mouth)” ?

Answer 10

30 Minutes

Question 11

What is the drug absorption time for “I.M. (Intramuscular)” ?

Answer 11

15 Minutes

Question 12

What is the drug absorption time for “S.Q. (Subcutaneous)” ?

Answer 12

15 Minutes

Question 13

What is the drug absorption time for “I.V. (Intraveneous)” ?

Answer 13

Instant

Question 14

Distribution of an absorbed drug in the body depends on what 3 factors?

Answer 14

• Protein Binding (Therapeutic Effect)
• Blood Flow ( Large Blood Supply)
• Solubility (Cell Membrane)

Question 15

Define Metabolism

Answer 15

Process in which the body breaks down medication.

Question 16

Organs where drugs are most metabolized

Answer 16

“Keep Living Life In Peace”

• Kidneys
• Liver
• Lungs
• Intestinal Mucosa
• Plasma

Question 17

Define Excretion

Answer 17

The elimination of drugs from the body.

Question 18

3 Types of Patients in Need of a Dosage Reduction

Answer 18

• Patients w/Kidney Diseases
• Children (Undeveloped/Immature Kidneys
• Elderly (Diminished Kidney Function)

Question 19

Define Half-Life

Answer 19

Time required for body to eliminate 50% of drug.

Question 20

When drug starts working

Answer 20

Onset

Question 21

When drug is working at its highest point

Answer 21

Peak

Question 22

How long the drug lasts

Answer 22

Duration

Question 23

Drug that interacts with receptors

Answer 23

Agonist

Question 24

A competitive/non-competitive type of drug is known as

Answer 24

Antagonist

Question 25

Substances that causes abnormal development of fetus, often lead to severe deformation

Answer 25

Teratogen

Question 26

5 Categories determining risk of birth defects

Answer 26

``` A - Safe B - Okay C - Maybe D - Questionable X - Not Safe ```

Question 27

No drug should be administered during pregnancy, unless _____!

Answer 27

it is needed!

Question 28

Define Adverse Drug Reactions

Answer 28

Reactions that may be mild, severe, or life threatening!

Question 29

Adverse reactions may be _______

Answer 29

- common/may occur frequently - can occur after 1st dose, several doses, or many doses - may be unpredictable

Question 30

Define Allergic Drug Reactions

Answer 30

An immediate hypersensitivity reaction.

Question 31

Define Anaphylactic Shock

Answer 31

Extremely serious allergic reaction right after administration of a drug which the individual is sensitive towards.

Question 32

5 Types of Drug Reactions

Answer 32

- Drug Indiosyncracy - Drug Tolerance - Cumulative Drug Effect (Too Much) - Toxic Reaction (Risky) - Pharmacogenetic Reaction (Hereditary)

Question 33

4 Types of Drug-Drug Interactions

Answer 33

- Additive Effect - Potentiation - Antagonist Effect - Increase/Decrease Absorption

Question 34

5 Factors Influencing Drug Response

Answer 34

- Age - Weight - Sex - Disease - Route of Admission

Question 35

4 Nursing Implications when Administering Drugs

Answer 35

- Obtain data; health/medication history - Perform physical assessment - Delivery of medications - Evaluation of effectiveness of medication

Question 36

8 Nursing Medication Rights

Answer 36

- Right Patient - Right Drug - Right Dose - Right Route - Right Time - Right to Refuse - Right Documentation - Right to Educate

Question 37

True/False: The Nurse MUST have a physician's order administering any medication.

Answer 37

TRUE

Question 38

True/False: The Nurse must not accept any medication orders from another Nurse

Answer 38

TRUE

Question 39

4 Types of Orders

Answer 39

- Standing - Single - STAT (immediately) - PRN (as needed)

Question 40

Always check and compare label of any drug with MAR _____ times before administering to patient!

Answer 40

3

Question 41

Score

Answer 41

A "dent" on a pill that is eligible to be cut in half.

Question 42

What is the proper protocol when administering a pill without a score but is needing to be cut in half?

Answer 42

Call/Notify Pharmacy Department

Question 43

What does "B.I.D." represent?

Answer 43

Twice a day

Question 44

What does "T.I.D." represent?

Answer 44

Three times a day

Question 45

What does "Q.I.D." represent?

Answer 45

Four times a day

Question 46

What does "Q6H" represent?

Answer 46

Every 6 hours

Question 47

What does "NPO" represent?

Answer 47

Nothing by Mouth

Question 48

4 Sites of Parenteral Administration

Answer 48

- S.Q. (Subcutaneous) - I.M. (Intramuscular) - I.V. (Intravenous) - I.D (Intradermal)

Question 49

3 Types of Drug Administration Through Skin

Answer 49

- Topical - Transdermal - Inhalation

Question 50

2 Types of Ear Drop Administration

Answer 50

- Adult (3 yrs. and above); Pull ear up and back | - Children (3yrs. and under); Pull ear down and back

Question 51

Nursing Process (when giving medication)

Answer 51

- Assessment - Diagnosis - Planning - Implementation - Evaluation

Question 52

Define Beta Blockers

Answer 52

Drugs that decreases the heart rate.

Question 53

True/False: Always check heart rate before administering beta blockers!

Answer 53

TRUE

Question 54

Define Beta Receptors

Answer 54

Drugs that increases the heart rate.

Question 55

Size of Insulin Needles (Subcutaneous Injections)

Answer 55

28 - 1/2; 45-90 Degree Angle

Question 56

Size of TB Test Needles (Intradermal Injections)

Answer 56

25 - 5/8; 5-15 Degree Angle

Question 57

Size of EpiPen/Vaccine needles (Intramuscular Injections)

Answer 57

22 - 1 1/2; 72-90 Degree Angle

Question 58

What is a First-Pass Effect?

Answer 58

Process in absorption; Drug is absorbed by small intestine, then travels to liver before being released to circulate throughout the body.