Unit 1 Food Choices and Human Health

Question 1

Health

Answer 1

The state of a human when it functions optimally without evidence of disease or abnormality

Question 2

Nutrition

Answer 2

The study of the nutrients in foods, how nutrients are used in the body, and human behaviors related to food

Question 3

Diet

Answer 3

The foods and beverages a person usually eats and drinks

Question 4

Food

Answer 4

Any substance that the body can take in and assimilate that will enable it to stay alive and healthy

Question 5

Chronic disease

Answer 5

Long-duration degenerative disease characterized by damage of body organs

Question 6

Causes of chronic disease

Answer 6

• Genetic
• Lifestyle
• Diet

Question 7

Nutritional genomics

Answer 7

The science of how nutrients affect the activities of genes and how genes affect the activity of nutrients

Question 8

Nutrients

Answer 8

Components in food that are essential to the functioning of the body

Question 9

Energy providing nutrients

Answer 9

• Carbohydrates
• Fat
• Protein

Question 10

Non-energy providing nutrients

Answer 10

• Water
• Vitamins
• Minerals

Question 11

Essential nutrients

Answer 11

The nutrients that the body cannot make for itself from other raw materials

Question 12

8 essential amino acids

Answer 12

• Threonine
• Valine
• Tryptophan
• Isoleucine
• Leucine
• Lysine
• Phenylalanine
• Methionine

Question 13

2 essential fatty acids

Answer 13

• Linoleic acid

- Linolenic acid

Question 14

Essential vitamins and minerals

Answer 14

• 3 fat soluble (A, D, E)
• 1 conditional (K)
• All water soluble
• All minerals

Question 15

Non-essential nutrients

Answer 15

Nutrients in the body that can make for itself and do not have to rely on food intake

Question 16

Calorie

Answer 16

The amount of energy to raise 1 L of water by 1 degree Celsius

Question 17

Energy of carbohydrates

Answer 17

4 Cal/g

Question 18

Energy of fat

Answer 18

9 Cal/g

Question 19

Energy of protein

Answer 19

4 Cal/g

Question 20

Energy of alcohol

Answer 20

7 Cal/g

Question 21

5 characteristics of healthy diet

Answer 21

• Adequacy
• Balance
• Calorie control
• Moderation
• Variety

Question 22

Factors in food choices

Answer 22

• Availability
• Cost
• Convenience
• Emotion
• Social
• Culture
• Media
• Habit
• Positive association
• Weight
• Nutrition

Question 23

Nutrient density

Answer 23

A measure of nutrients provided per calorie of food

Question 24

Research designs in nutrition research

Answer 24

• Case study (individuals)
• Epidemiological study (population)
• Intervention study (populations with manipulation)
• Laboratory study (tightly controlled condition)

Question 25

Valid nutrition information from scientific research

Answer 25

- Test ideas through properly designed scientific experiments - Recognize inadequacies of anecdotal evidence or testimonials - Do not apply research findings from animals to humans - Do not generalize findings to all population groups - Report their findings in respected scientific journals that are peer reviewed

Question 26

Characteristics of nutrition quackery

Answer 26

- Too good to be true - Persecution claim - Suspicious comments about food supply - Testimonials - Fake credentials - Interviews with professionals with Dr. - Unpublished studies - Motive for personal gain - Advertisements - Logic without proof - Unreliable publications